{"doi":"10.1016/j.jcte.2021.100249","title":"Metabolic parameters in smokers undergoing smoking reduction","abstract":"INTRODUCTION: : To prospectively examine the metabolic changes of smoking reduction. METHODS: Cigarette smokers (n = 22; ½-2 packs per day) were enrolled in a smoking reduction program (counseling plus bupropion × 8 weeks; Phase I) followed by monitoring only (no counseling or bupropion × 16 weeks; Phase II). We serially measured exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and urine nicotine metabolites; fat distribution, and metabolic parameters by hyperinsulinemic clamps including hepatic glucose output (HGO) and indirect calorimetry, adjusted for total caloric intake and expenditure. RESULTS: CO and nicotine metabolite levels fell with smoking reduction during Phase I (all p < 0.05), without any further changes through Phase II. Central-to-peripheral fat ratio increased during Phase I, but then fell during Phase II (all p < 0.05). Over 24 weeks, basal HGO fell (p = 0.02); and falling CO and nicotine metabolite levels correlated inversely with changes in glucose oxidation, and directly with changes in weight (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking reduction produced a transient worsening of central fat redistribution followed by a more significant improvement; along with other net beneficial metabolic effects.","journal":"Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology","year":2021,"id":211607,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.943,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":801050,"name":"Monica Nisis","orcid":"0000-0002-8250-7790","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":777310,"name":"Martin L. Lee","orcid":"0000-0002-8421-7295","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":801051,"name":"Candice Goldstein","orcid":"0000-0003-1592-8015","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":449047,"name":"Theodore C. Friedman","orcid":"0000-0001-9555-7626","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":801049,"name":"Stanley H. Hsia","orcid":"0000-0003-0945-321X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":36,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:52:20.112538Z","pmid":"33717989","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}