{"doi":"10.1016/j.jcte.2015.12.002","title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin glargine–insulin glulisine basal-bolus and twice-daily premixed analog insulin in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients during three standardized meals","abstract":null,"journal":"Journal of Clinical &amp; Translational Endocrinology","year":2016,"id":657263,"datarank":0.5783636860186403,"base_score":1.791759469228055,"endowment":1.791759469228055,"self_citation_contribution":0.26876392038420827,"citation_network_contribution":0.309599765634432,"self_endowment_contribution":0.26876392038420827,"citer_contribution":0.309599765634432,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5,"citer_count":5,"citers_with_citation_signal":4,"citers_with_endowment":4,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1715788,"name":"Lisa M. Younk","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1715789,"name":"Donna B. Tate","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1715790,"name":"Stephen N. Davis","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1715787,"name":"Elizabeth Mary Lamos","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin glargine–insulin glulisine basal-bolus and twice-daily premixed analog insulin in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients during three standardized meals","abstract":"AIMS: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of basal insulin glargine with mealtime insulin glulisine or twice daily 75/25 premixed neutral protamine insulin lispro and insulin lispro in individuals with type 1 diabetes during three standardized meals over a 24 hour duration and compare to physiologic insulin and glucose responses in healthy non-diabetic individuals. METHODS: Twelve healthy (4 male/8 female) and thirteen individuals with type 1 diabetes (8 male/5 female) were studied during three sequential standardized meals. Individuals with type 1 diabetes received either glargine and glulisine injected 5 minutes subcutaneously before each meal or premixed insulin lispro injected 5 minutes before breakfast and dinner in a randomized fashion separated by eight weeks. RESULTS: The incremental systemic insulin AUC, maximal insulin concentration, and rate of rise of systemic insulin (0-30 minutes) during all three meal intervals were similar between glargine/glulisine and healthy controls. Incremental glucose AUC with glargine/glulisine was similar to controls at lunch and dinner. With premix 75/25 insulin, insulin AUC was lower and incremental glucose AUC was greater at lunch compared to the healthy and glargine/glulisine. Hypoglycemic events before lunch were greater with premix insulin group than with glargine/glulisine (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Glargine/glulisine pharmacokinetics in type 1 diabetes can closely approximate physiologic insulin responses in healthy individuals during a day in which three standardized meals are consumed. Additionally, when glulisine is dosed only five minutes pre-meal, systemic insulin concentration rises as rapidly as prandial endogenous insulin levels. This present study compared glargine and glulisine administered in an approximate 50/50 proportion. Future studies of alternate meal times, meal content and differing premixed insulin preparations are indicated.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":1.791759469228055,"endowment":1.791759469228055,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"29159123","pmcid":"PMC5680437","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2203412363","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIH/NCRR","grant_id":"RR000095","title":null},{"funder_name":"NCRR NIH HHS","grant_id":"M01 RR000095","title":null},{"funder_name":"Sanofi","grant_id":"","title":null}],"total_grants":3,"fwci":0.4052,"citation_percentile":0.66780861,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2018,"count":2},{"year":2019,"count":1},{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":1}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221462371500068X/pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221462371500068X/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S221462371500068X?httpAccept=text/plain","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S221462371500068X?httpAccept=text/xml","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcte.2015.12.002","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29159123","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5680437","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5680437","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5680437?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Diabetes Management and Research","Pancreatic function and diabetes","Diabetes and associated disorders"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Insulin glargine","Medicine","Insulin lispro","Insulin","Internal medicine","Insulin analog","Pharmacodynamics","Diabetes mellitus","Endocrinology","Pharmacokinetics","Type 1 diabetes","Type 2 diabetes","Basal (medicine)","Human insulin","Insulin Glulisine","Neutral Protamine Lispro","Standardized Meals"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-12T00:27:18.490893Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}