{"doi":"10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.05.008","title":"Bidirectional on/off switch for controlled targeting of proteins to subcellular compartments","abstract":null,"journal":"Journal of Controlled Release","year":2004,"id":588779,"datarank":0.9778100938216774,"base_score":3.091042453358316,"endowment":3.091042453358316,"self_citation_contribution":0.4636563680037475,"citation_network_contribution":0.51415372581793,"self_endowment_contribution":0.4636563680037475,"citer_contribution":0.51415372581793,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":21,"citer_count":12,"citers_with_citation_signal":12,"citers_with_endowment":12,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1506352,"name":"S Mu","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1506353,"name":"S.E Kern","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1506354,"name":"C.S Lim","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1506351,"name":"C Kanwal","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Bidirectional on/off switch for controlled targeting of proteins to subcellular compartments","abstract":"A regulatable fusion protein was constructed for controlling the localization of plasmid products. A ligand-inducible nuclear localization signal, nuclear export signal (NES) and a truncated form of the ligand binding domain of the progesterone receptor were attached to the desired protein. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was used as a model protein and its trafficking between the nucleus and cytoplasm was studied using fluorescence microscopy in response to the ligand, mifepristone. It was found that the protein trafficking into the nucleus was dose dependent with ligand concentration. Increasing the ligand dose from 1 to 100 nM enhanced import and reduced the rate of export of the fusion protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using an export signal and a ligand-inducible nuclear import signal as a bi-directional on/off switch with potential use for controlled targeting of therapeutic proteins to subcellular compartments.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.091042453358316,"endowment":3.091042453358316,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"15312994","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2082846877","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":0.7185,"citation_percentile":0.67869916,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2013,"count":1},{"year":2014,"count":1},{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":1},{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0168365904002391?httpAccept=text/xml","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0168365904002391?httpAccept=text/plain","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.05.008","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15312994","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Nuclear Structure and Function","RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","RNA Research and Splicing"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Cloning, Molecular","Cytoplasm","Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","Hormone Antagonists","Ligands","Microscopy, Fluorescence","Plasmids","Protein Binding","Receptors, Progesterone","Recombinant Proteins","Subcellular Fractions","Mifepristone","Drug Delivery Systems","Microscopy, Confocal","Nuclear Localization Signals","Cell Line, Tumor","Green Fluorescent Proteins","Mice"],"keywords":["Cytoplasm","Nuclear localization sequence","Nuclear export signal","Subcellular localization","Fusion protein","Ligand (biochemistry)","Green fluorescent protein","Cell biology","Nuclear transport","Nucleus","Protein subcellular localization prediction","Chemistry","Nuclear protein","Biophysics","Transport protein","Receptor","Cell nucleus","Biology","Biochemistry","Transcription factor","Recombinant DNA","Gene"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-22T21:20:20.084188Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}