{"doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100331","title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic associated with anxiety and depression among Non-Hispanic whites with chronic conditions in the US","abstract":"During the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, increased anxiety and depression were reported, with mixed findings among individuals of different races/ethnicities. This study examines whether anxiety and depression increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-COVD-19 period among different racial/ethnic groups in the US. The Health Information National Trend Surveys 5 (HINTS 5) Cycle 4 data was analyzed. We used the time when the survey was administered as the pre-COVID-19 period (before March 11, 2020, weighted N = 77,501,549) and during the COVID-19 period (on and after March 11, 2020, weighted N = 37,222,019). The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) was used to measure anxiety/depression and further compared before and during COVID-19. Separate multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association of the COVID-19 pandemic with anxiety/depression after adjusting for age, sex, insurance, income, and education. A higher percentage of Non-Hispanic whites (NHW) with chronic conditions reported anxiety (24.3% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.0021) and depression (20.7% vs. 9.3%, p = 0.0034) during COVID-19 than pre-COVID-19. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of anxiety and depression for NHWs with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic was 2.02 (95% confidence interval of 1.10–3.73, p = 0.025) and 2.33 (1.17–4.65, p = 0.018) compared to NHWs who participated in the survey before the COVID-19. Limited to the NHW US population. PHQ can only be used as the initial screening tool. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increased prevalence of anxiety and depression among NHW adults with chronic conditions, but not among people of color.","journal":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","year":2022,"id":290826,"datarank":0.20794415416798362,"base_score":1.3862943611198906,"endowment":1.3862943611198906,"self_citation_contribution":0.20794415416798362,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.20794415416798362,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9606,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":973703,"name":"Jenny Paul","orcid":"0000-0002-0967-5712","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":973704,"name":"Ivana Ye","orcid":"0000-0001-5128-8241","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":974177,"name":"Jake Blalock","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":389837,"name":"R. Constance Wiener","orcid":"0000-0003-0371-6699","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":671508,"name":"Amy F. Ho","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":973705,"name":"Naomi Alanis","orcid":"0000-0003-2200-315X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":389841,"name":"Usha Sambamoorthi","orcid":"0000-0001-8311-1360","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":670616,"name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-5105-0951","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":39,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:30:34.502076Z","pmid":"35224528","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}