{"doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.067","title":"A psychometric evaluation of the 16-item PHQ-ADS concomitant anxiety and depression scale in the UK biobank using item response theory","abstract":null,"journal":"Journal of Affective Disorders","year":2024,"id":638650,"datarank":0.29188652235829704,"base_score":1.9459101490553132,"endowment":1.9459101490553132,"self_citation_contribution":0.29188652235829704,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.29188652235829704,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":29791,"name":"John Gallacher","orcid":"0000-0002-2394-5299","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":67908,"name":"Sarah Bauermeister","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1658950,"name":"Chris Patrick Pflanz","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"A psychometric evaluation of the 16-item PHQ-ADS concomitant anxiety and depression scale in the UK biobank using item response theory","abstract":"BACKGROUND: The Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS) provides a reliable and valid measure of concomitant depression and anxiety. However, research on its psychometric efficiency and optimal scale length using item-response theory (IRT) has not been reported. This study aimed to optimize the length of the PHQ-ADS scale without losing information by discarding items that were a poor fit to the IRT model. METHODS: The UK Biobank is a large cohort study designed to investigate risk factors for a broad range of disease. PHQ-ADS data were available from n = 152,826 participants (age = 55.87 years; SD = 7.73; 56.4 % female), 30.4 % of the entire UK Biobank sample. Psychometric properties of the PHQ-ADS were investigated using a 2-parameter IRT and Mokken analysis. Item statistics included discrimination, difficulty and Loevinger H coefficients of monotonicity. RESULTS: In the entire 16-item scale, item discrimination ranged from 1.40 to 4.22, with the item 'worrying' showing the highest level of discrimination and the item 'sleep disturbance' showing the lowest. Mokken analysis showed that the 16-item PHQ-ADS scale could be reduced to a 7-item scale without loss of test information. The reduced scale comprised mainly items measuring cognitive-affective symptoms of anxiety/depression, whereas items measuring somatic symptoms were discarded. The revised scale showed high discrimination and scalability. LIMITATIONS: Findings are limited by the use of cross-sectional data that only included the baseline online questionnaire, but not other waves. CONCLUSIONS: IRT is a useful technique for scale reductions which serve the clinical and epidemiological need to optimize screening questionnaires to reduce redundancy and maximize information. A reduced-item 7-item PHQ-ADS scale reduces the response burden on participants in epidemiological research settings, without loss of information.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":1.9459101490553132,"endowment":1.9459101490553132,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"38000468","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4388893395","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Medical Research Council","grant_id":"MR/T0333771","title":null},{"funder_name":"Medical Research Council","grant_id":"MR/L023784/1","title":null},{"funder_name":"Medical Research Council","grant_id":"MR/L023784/2","title":null},{"funder_name":"Dementias Platform UK","grant_id":"","title":null}],"total_grants":4,"fwci":0.7003,"citation_percentile":0.70764197,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2024,"count":2},{"year":2025,"count":1},{"year":2026,"count":3}],"oa_status":"hybrid","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.067","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.067","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0165032723014350?httpAccept=text/xml","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0165032723014350?httpAccept=text/plain","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38000468","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Cancer survivorship and care","Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","Humans","Female","Middle Aged","Male","Depression","Patient Health Questionnaire","Cohort Studies","Psychometrics","Cross-Sectional Studies","Biological Specimen Banks","UK Biobank","Reproducibility of Results","Anxiety","Surveys and Questionnaires"],"mesh_terms":["Patient Health Questionnaire","UK Biobank","Anxiety","Cross-Sectional Studies","Depression","Female","Humans","Male","Middle Aged","Psychometrics","Surveys and Questionnaires","Reproducibility of Results","Cohort Studies","Biological Specimen Banks"],"keywords":["Item response theory","Patient Health Questionnaire","Anxiety","Psychology","Clinical psychology","Psychometrics","Depression (economics)","Scale (ratio)","Differential item functioning","Cohort","Psychiatry","Medicine","Depressive symptoms","Internal medicine","Depression","Cohort study","Anxiety Disorder","Affective Disorder","Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety And Depression Scale"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Gender equality"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-06T21:05:39.901168Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}