{"doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019","title":"Sex Differences in Association of Physical Activity With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Although physical activity is widely recommended for reducing cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks, female individuals consistently lag behind male individuals in exercise engagement. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to evaluate whether physical activity derived health benefits may differ by sex. METHODS: In a prospective study of 412,413 U.S. adults (55% female, age 44 ± 17 years) who provided survey data on leisure-time physical activity, we examined sex-specific multivariable-adjusted associations of physical activity measures (frequency, duration, intensity, type) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality from 1997 through 2019. RESULTS: During 4,911,178 person-years of follow-up, there were 39,935 all-cause deaths including 11,670 cardiovascular deaths. Regular leisure-time physical activity compared with inactivity was associated with 24% (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.73-0.80) and 15% (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.82-0.89) lower risk of all-cause mortality in women and men, respectively (Wald F = 12.0, sex interaction P < 0.001). Men reached their maximal survival benefit of HR 0.81 from 300 min/wk of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, whereas women achieved similar benefit at 140 min/wk and then continued to reach a maximum survival benefit of HR 0.76 also at ∼300 min/wk. Sex-specific findings were similar for cardiovascular death (Wald F = 20.1, sex interaction P < 0.001) and consistent across all measures of aerobic activity as well as muscle strengthening activity (Wald F = 6.7, sex interaction P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Women compared with men derived greater gains in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk reduction from equivalent doses of leisure-time physical activity. These findings could enhance efforts to close the \"gender gap\" by motivating especially women to engage in any regular leisure-time physical activity.","journal":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology","year":2024,"id":416224,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":210,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9222,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":258313,"name":"Martha Gulati","orcid":"0000-0003-0735-9756","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1199314,"name":"Tzu Yu Huang","orcid":"0009-0000-8793-847X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":351244,"name":"Alan C. Kwan","orcid":"0000-0002-4393-1011","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":218308,"name":"David Ouyang","orcid":"0000-0002-3813-7518","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":218312,"name":"Joseph E. Ebinger","orcid":"0000-0002-0587-1572","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":329465,"name":"Kaitlin B. Casaletto","orcid":"0000-0001-5000-7604","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235340,"name":"Kerrie L. Moreau","orcid":"0000-0001-9298-047X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":430886,"name":"Hicham Skali","orcid":"0000-0002-5629-4138","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270108,"name":"Susan Cheng","orcid":"0000-0002-4977-036X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":621255,"name":"Hongwei Ji","orcid":"0000-0003-3657-4666","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":42,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:56:20.964471Z","pmid":"38383092","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}