{"doi":"10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101839","title":"Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibition Preserves Apolipoprotein M During Acute Inflammation in Mice and Humans","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT2is) reduce inflammation and maintain vascular integrity. Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) is crucial for vascular integrity via sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling and is inversely linked with mortality in sepsis and COVID-19. OBJECTIVES: The authors tested if SGLT2i (dapagliflozin [Dapa]) increases ApoM in mice using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and in humans with COVID-19. METHODS: mice (n = 3-5/group) were randomized to receive either vehicle or Dapa (1.25 mg/kg daily) for 4 days before LPS (10 mg/kg IP). Outcomes included ApoM protein levels (Western and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and intravital microscopy to assess endothelial leak and neutrophil behavior. Plasma samples from ACTIV-4a participants (standard of care, n = 37; standard of care + SGLT2i, n = 15) were analyzed for circulating ApoM by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses included two-way analysis of variance for mice and t-test or Mann-Whitney test for humans. RESULTS: Dapa restored circulating ApoM levels in LPS-treated mice (0.017 vs 0.035 [a.u./μL], P = 0.0489) and increased ApoM levels in patients randomized to SGLT2i (0.5240 vs 0.6537 [μM], P = 0.0101). LRP2 knockout blocked Dapa's effect on ApoM. In vitro, Dapa stimulated Lrp2-dependent uptake of ApoM-GFP. Dapa attenuated vascular leak induced by LPS in an ApoM-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: SGLT2i maintains Lrp2 levels, preserving ApoM and promoting endothelial barrier integrity in acute inflammation, indicating a novel protective mechanism of SGLT2i through ApoM preservation.","journal":"JACC Advances","year":2025,"id":523707,"datarank":0.24141568686511508,"base_score":1.6094379124341003,"endowment":1.6094379124341003,"self_citation_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9684,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1020985,"name":"Aynaz Lotfinaghsh","orcid":"0009-0005-8712-2020","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":812220,"name":"Zhen Guo","orcid":"0000-0002-8421-4852","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":687995,"name":"Tripti Kumari","orcid":"0000-0002-2638-0705","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1396613,"name":"Kana N. 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