{"doi":"10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101826","title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Lipoprotein(a) Testing in a Diverse Cohort of U.S. Adults","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Once-per-lifetime lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] testing is recommended by multiple professional societies during cardiovascular disease risk assessment. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and identify correlates of Lp(a) testing in a real-world, diverse sample. METHODS: Participants were ≥18 years of age from the All of Us Research Study who shared electronic medical record information through 2022 (N = 266,612). Completion of Lp(a) testing was defined by the following: presence of Lp(a) values, Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms or Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes electronic health record listings for Lp(a) testing, or an Internal Classification of Diseases-10 code for elevated Lp(a). Multivariable logistic regression assessed the association of demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables with Lp(a) testing. RESULTS: The mean age was 52 years, 61% were women, and 53% were non-Hispanic White. A total of 2,172 (0.8%) underwent Lp(a) testing, 86% of whom had clinical cardiovascular disease. Compared to non-Hispanic White individuals, non-Hispanic Black individuals (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.58-0.81) had 32% lower odds of Lp(a) testing. Less than high school education (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.25-0.44), unemployment (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.68-0.85), and disability (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.65-0.91) were associated with a 23% to 66% lower odds of Lp(a) testing. Among clinical factors, non-Lp(a) lipid abnormality (OR: 5.64, 95% CI: 4.72-6.79) and prevalent cardiovascular disease (OR: 3.21, 95% CI: 2.76-3.74) were strongly associated with Lp(a) testing. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of Lp(a) testing among US adults is exceedingly low, especially for non-Hispanic Black individuals and those with socioeconomic risk. These results underline the importance of emphasizing health equity in Lp(a) testing expansion.","journal":"JACC Advances","year":2025,"id":516696,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6191,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":640023,"name":"LaTonia C. 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Eapen","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":865273,"name":"Ijeoma Isiadinso","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":445436,"name":"Anurag Mehta","orcid":"0000-0002-6910-5551","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1134965,"name":"Adithya Yadalam","orcid":"0000-0003-3610-4445","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1047549,"name":"Jeffery Osei","orcid":"0000-0002-1865-6089","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":242862,"name":"Terry A. Jacobson","orcid":"0000-0002-9926-2179","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71972,"name":"Zhiqi Yao","orcid":"0009-0007-7803-4357","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236228,"name":"Omar Dzaye","orcid":"0000-0001-9483-3510","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":98924,"name":"Seth S. Martin","orcid":"0000-0002-7021-7622","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":74982,"name":"Khurram Nasir","orcid":"0000-0001-5376-2269","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":159550,"name":"Michael D Shapiro","orcid":"0000-0002-9071-3287","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71977,"name":"Michael J. Blaha","orcid":"0000-0001-5138-9683","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":284560,"name":"Seamus P. Whelton","orcid":"0000-0001-5914-0735","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":258312,"name":"Roger S. Blumenthal","orcid":"0000-0003-1910-3168","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":307077,"name":"Laurence Sperling","orcid":"0000-0001-9417-6370","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":339079,"name":"Alexander C. Razavi","orcid":"0000-0002-3213-0876","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":23,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:48:54.768083Z","pmid":"40570403","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}