{"doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.002","title":"CD4+ T cells re-wire granuloma cellularity and regulatory networks to promote immunomodulation following Mtb reinfection","abstract":"Immunological priming—in the context of either prior infection or vaccination—elicits protective responses against subsequent Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) infection. However, the changes that occur in the lung cellular milieu post-primary Mtb infection and their contributions to protection upon reinfection remain poorly understood. Using clinical and microbiological endpoints in a non-human primate reinfection model, we demonstrated that prior Mtb infection elicited a long-lasting protective response against subsequent Mtb exposure and was CD4 + T cell dependent. By analyzing data from primary infection, reinfection, and reinfection-CD4 + T cell-depleted granulomas, we found that the presence of CD4 + T cells during reinfection resulted in a less inflammatory lung milieu characterized by reprogrammed CD8 + T cells, reduced neutrophilia, and blunted type 1 immune signaling among myeloid cells. These results open avenues for developing vaccines and therapeutics that not only target lymphocytes but also modulate innate immune cells to limit tuberculosis (TB) disease.","journal":"Immunity","year":2024,"id":419386,"datarank":0.5641800173540344,"base_score":3.7612001156935624,"endowment":3.7612001156935624,"self_citation_contribution":0.5641800173540344,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5641800173540344,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":42,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9574,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":270473,"name":"Sharie Keanne C. Ganchua","orcid":"0000-0003-1577-5055","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":56344,"name":"Sarah K. Nyquist","orcid":"0000-0002-9045-3665","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225148,"name":"Pauline Maiello","orcid":"0000-0002-5188-8420","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":840264,"name":"Michael C. Chao","orcid":"0000-0003-3158-7337","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325478,"name":"H. Jacob Borish","orcid":"0000-0002-9220-673X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225151,"name":"Mark Rodgers","orcid":"0000-0002-5196-9239","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":260083,"name":"Jaime Tomko","orcid":"0000-0002-9308-4957","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":998995,"name":"Kara Kracinovsky","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1166735,"name":"Douaa Mugahid","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":833076,"name":"Son Nguyen","orcid":"0000-0002-6563-1685","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":588666,"name":"Qikun Wang","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":91617,"name":"Jacob M. Rosenberg","orcid":"0000-0003-4951-7441","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225153,"name":"Edwin Klein","orcid":"0009-0002-4328-5344","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104347,"name":"Hannah P. Gideon","orcid":"0000-0002-4443-2134","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1021460,"name":"Roisin Floyd-O’Sullivan","orcid":"0009-0009-2311-5787","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":3585,"name":"Bonnie Berger","orcid":"0000-0002-2724-7228","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225154,"name":"Charles A. Scanga","orcid":"0000-0003-3654-5603","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104349,"name":"Philana Ling Lin","orcid":"0000-0001-5169-3714","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":91624,"name":"Sarah M. Fortune","orcid":"0000-0001-7565-9975","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1413,"name":"Alex K. Shalek","orcid":"0000-0001-5670-8778","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225155,"name":"JoAnne L. Flynn","orcid":"0000-0001-7874-8981","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":945249,"name":"Joshua D. Bromley","orcid":"0000-0001-8692-2740","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":125,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:57:14.586331Z","pmid":"39214090","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}