{"doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.005","title":"Spheromers reveal robust T cell responses to the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine and attenuated peripheral CD8+ T cell responses post SARS-CoV-2 infection","abstract":"T cells are a critical component of the response to SARS-CoV-2, but their kinetics after infection and vaccination are insufficiently understood. Using \"spheromer\" peptide-MHC multimer reagents, we analyzed healthy subjects receiving two doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine. Vaccination resulted in robust spike-specific T cell responses for the dominant CD4 + (HLA-DRB1 ∗ 15:01/S191) and CD8 + (HLA-A ∗ 02/S691) T cell epitopes. Antigen-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses were asynchronous, with the peak CD4 + T cell responses occurring 1 week post the second vaccination (boost), whereas CD8 + T cells peaked 2 weeks later. These peripheral T cell responses were elevated compared with COVID-19 patients. We also found that previous SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in decreased CD8 + T cell activation and expansion, suggesting that previous infection can influence the T cell response to vaccination.","journal":"Immunity","year":2023,"id":317100,"datarank":0.6681520944380261,"base_score":4.454347296253507,"endowment":4.454347296253507,"self_citation_contribution":0.6681520944380261,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6681520944380261,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":85,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9512,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":233138,"name":"Vamsee Mallajosyula","orcid":"0000-0002-0658-3652","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106156,"name":"Prabhu S. Arunachalam","orcid":"0000-0003-0090-5689","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":407208,"name":"Kattria van der Ploeg","orcid":"0000-0002-3183-3190","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226833,"name":"Monali Manohar","orcid":"0000-0002-1869-2645","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226825,"name":"Katharina Röltgen","orcid":"0000-0002-1582-1720","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237491,"name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"0000-0003-4821-6583","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226827,"name":"Oliver F. Wirz","orcid":"0000-0003-0377-6464","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237493,"name":"Ramona A. Hoh","orcid":"0000-0002-5116-1942","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":265668,"name":"Emily Haraguchi","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237495,"name":"Ji-Yeun Lee","orcid":"0000-0002-0463-6802","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":680025,"name":"Richard A. Willis","orcid":"0000-0001-6890-1268","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":744321,"name":"Vasanthi Ramachandiran","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":242234,"name":"Jun Li","orcid":"0000-0003-4353-5761","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1020413,"name":"Karan R. Kathuria","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":447823,"name":"Chunfeng Li","orcid":"0000-0001-8883-9078","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":586081,"name":"Alexandra S. Lee","orcid":"0000-0003-4526-3800","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":615592,"name":"Mihir Shah","orcid":"0000-0003-0854-2384","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237674,"name":"Sayantani Sindher","orcid":"0000-0003-0387-2800","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233136,"name":"Joseph C. González","orcid":"0000-0002-3282-0041","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":680026,"name":"John D. Altman","orcid":"0000-0001-9733-2359","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103717,"name":"Taia T. Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-3894-685X","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226844,"name":"Scott D. Boyd","orcid":"0000-0003-0963-044X","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106177,"name":"Bali Pulendran","orcid":"0000-0001-6517-4333","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233149,"name":"Prasanna Jagannathan","orcid":"0000-0001-6305-758X","position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":36438,"name":"Kari C. Nadeau","orcid":"0000-0002-2146-2955","position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":3343,"name":"Mark M. Davis","orcid":"0000-0001-6868-657X","position":26,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1021695,"name":"Fei Gao","orcid":"0000-0002-4086-2575","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":61,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:06:44.698773Z","pmid":"36996809","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}