{"doi":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2025.12.001","title":"Genetic signatures of  Plasmodium vivax Circumsporozoite Surface Protein during malaria resurgence in Thailand","abstract":"The Plasmodium circumsporozoite surface protein (CSP) is the best characterized pre-erythrocytic vaccine target for malaria. It is a multifunctional protein important for sporozoite mobility, mosquito salivary gland invasion, and hepatocyte invasion. We analyzed diversity of Plasmodium vivax CSP gene (pvcsp) during the 2022-2023 malaria resurgence in northwestern Thailand and assessed how pvcsp haplotypes may affect parasite development in the mosquitoes. Amplicon sequencing of 69 P. vivax isolates revealed both canonical pvcsp variants: VK210 (n = 66) and VK247 (n = 3). The VK210 type exhibited high polymorphism within the central repeat region, with 21 haplotypes (H1-H21) composed of 13-20 repeat motifs. Haplotype H2 was the most common, accounting for half of all VK210 sequences, and in membrane feeding assays with Anopheles dirus, appeared to produce more salivary-gland sporozoites per oocyst than other haplotypes, suggesting that repeat-region variation may modulate vector competence. Together, these findings report contemporary pvcsp diversity in Thailand's highest transmission area, provide functional evidence that repeat-region polymorphisms shape vector-parasite interactions, and highlight three globally prevalent motifs (GDRADGQPA, GDRAAGQPA, ANGAGNQPG) as prime targets for future PvCSP vaccines.","journal":"International Journal for Parasitology","year":2025,"id":584703,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9447,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":329222,"name":"Aurel Holzschuh","orcid":"0000-0002-2681-1114","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711991,"name":"Gustavo Da Silva","orcid":"0000-0001-5248-6813","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1498228,"name":"Palakorn Chintanawiwat","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":904111,"name":"Sirasate Bantuchai","orcid":"0000-0003-3093-2485","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1497828,"name":"Wasinee Rungsarityotin","orcid":"0000-0002-3329-2869","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":308914,"name":"Liwang Cui","orcid":"0000-0002-8338-1974","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":341335,"name":"Cristian Koepfli","orcid":"0000-0002-9354-0414","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":334155,"name":"Jetsumon Sattabongkot","orcid":"0000-0002-3938-4588","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":406895,"name":"Wang Nguitragool","orcid":"0000-0002-5484-7130","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":968351,"name":"Parsakorn Tapaopong","orcid":"0009-0002-6461-9948","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":34,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:59:16.166424Z","pmid":"41380756","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}