{"doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2022.01.032","title":"HIV incidence and prevalence among adults aged 15-64 years in Rwanda: Results from the Rwanda Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (RPHIA) and District-level Modeling, 2019","abstract":"OBJECTIVES: The 2018-2019 Rwanda Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (RPHIA) was conducted to measure national HIV incidence and prevalence. District-level estimates were modeled to inform resources allocation. METHODS: RPHIA was a nationally representative cross-sectional household survey. Consenting adults were interviewed and tested for HIV using the national diagnostic algorithm followed by laboratory-based confirmation of HIV status and testing for viral load (VL), limiting antigen (LAg) avidity, and presence of antiretrovirals. Incidence was calculated using normalized optical density ≤ 1·5, VL ≥ 1,000 copies/mL, and undetectable antiretrovirals. Survey and programmatic data were used to model district-level HIV incidence and prevalence. RESULTS: Of 31,028 eligible adults, 98·7% participated in RPHIA and 934 tested HIV positive. HIV prevalence among adults in Rwanda was 3·0% (95% CI:2·7-3·3). National HIV incidence was 0·08% (95% CI:0·02-0·14) and 0·11% (95% CI:0·00-0·26) in the City of Kigali (CoK). Based on district-level modeling, HIV incidence was greatest in the 3 CoK districts (0·11% to 0·15%) and varied across other districts (0·03% to 0·10%). CONCLUSIONS: HIV prevalence among adults in Rwanda is 3.0%; HIV incidence is low at 0.08%. District-level modeling has identified disproportionately affected urban hotspots: areas to focus resources.","journal":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2022,"id":247333,"datarank":1.6113438224820409,"base_score":3.5263605246161616,"endowment":3.5263605246161616,"self_citation_contribution":0.5289540786924243,"citation_network_contribution":1.0823897437896166,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5289540786924243,"citer_contribution":1.0823897437896166,"corpus_percentile":87.1122456873211,"corpus_rank":1667,"citation_count":33,"citer_count":23,"citers_with_citation_signal":18,"citers_with_endowment":18,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7541,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":581487,"name":"Gallican Rwibasira","orcid":"0000-0002-1559-6527","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":704662,"name":"Samuel S. Malamba","orcid":"0000-0001-8087-8849","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":884848,"name":"Gentille Musengimana","orcid":"0000-0002-9552-3298","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":885352,"name":"Eugenie Kayirangwa","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":884849,"name":"Sasi Jonnalagadda","orcid":"0000-0001-6334-3156","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":884850,"name":"Erika Fazito Rezende","orcid":"0000-0002-2171-8973","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":539310,"name":"Jeffrey W. Eaton","orcid":"0000-0001-7728-728X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":594698,"name":"Veronicah Mugisha","orcid":"0000-0002-2159-4800","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":332413,"name":"Eric Remera","orcid":"0000-0002-6084-8877","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":885353,"name":"Semakula Muhamed","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":885354,"name":"Augustin Mulindabigwi","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":885355,"name":"Jared Omolo","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":885356,"name":"Lubbe Weisner","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":704668,"name":"Carole Moore","orcid":"0000-0002-9611-9326","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":372469,"name":"Hetal Patel","orcid":"0000-0002-5468-2591","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":372476,"name":"Jessica Justman","orcid":"0000-0003-4704-3115","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":23255,"name":"Sabin Nsanzimana","orcid":"0000-0002-5946-0015","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":11,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:23:53.369530Z","pmid":"35066161","pmcid":"PMC9069967","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}