{"doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.338","title":"Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma among adults with HIV/HBV co-infection in Zambia: a pilot study","abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). An HCC screening initiative was piloted in an established cohort of individuals co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HBV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at two outpatient clinics in Lusaka, Zambia. METHODS: All patients underwent abdominal ultrasound (AUS) and transient elastography. RESULTS: Among 279 patients co-infected with HIV/HBV, 165 (59.1%) were men, median age was 34 years [interquartile range (IQR) 28-39 years] and median CD4 count was 246 cells/µL (IQR 112-355 cells/µL) at ART initiation. While 102 (55.7%) individuals had elevated transaminases, 114 (59.7%) had HBV levels >2000 IU/mL and 59 (24.6%) had significant fibrosis. At their first AUS measurement, 75 (26.9%) participants had hepatomegaly and 69 (24.7%) had periportal fibrosis. Five patients had a liver lesion >1 cm, an indication for confirmatory imaging. CONCLUSIONS: In one of the first HCC screening initiatives in SSA, 2% of patients co-infected with HIV/HBV had significant liver lesions, and one-quarter had findings suggestive of schistosomiasis-induced liver damage.","journal":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2021,"id":194434,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9301,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":764936,"name":"Helen Chitundu","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764937,"name":"Guy Muula","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":454872,"name":"Belinda Chihota","orcid":"0000-0001-6565-9306","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":329540,"name":"Edford Sinkala","orcid":"0000-0002-5756-5569","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764938,"name":"Veronica Sunkutu","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":164974,"name":"Martin H. Maurer","orcid":"0000-0003-0153-3987","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":621656,"name":"Jean‐François Dufour","orcid":"0000-0002-8062-1346","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764284,"name":"Annalisa Berzigotti","orcid":"0000-0003-4562-9016","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4469,"name":"Matthias Egger","orcid":"0000-0001-7462-5132","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":371004,"name":"Carolyn Bolton‐Moore","orcid":"0000-0001-9103-7746","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":393581,"name":"Michael J. Vinikoor","orcid":"0000-0002-3862-7795","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":364593,"name":"Gilles Wandeler","orcid":"0000-0002-5278-8763","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764283,"name":"Carlotta Riebensahm","orcid":"0000-0002-7394-6230","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":17,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:49:59.476757Z","pmid":"34952210","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}