{"doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.097","title":"Characteristics of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and its influence on tuberculosis treatment outcomes in persons living with HIV","abstract":"Objective: The influence of tuberculosis (TB)-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) on TB treatment outcomes and its risk factors were investigated among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and co-infected with TB. Methods: Newly diagnosed, culture-confirmed, pulmonary TB patients with HIV and enrolled in a clinical trial (NCT00933790) were retrospectively analysed for IRIS occurrence. Risk factors and TB outcomes (up to 18 months after initiation of anti-TB treatment [ATT]) were compared between people who experienced IRIS (IRIS group) and those who did not (non-IRIS group). Results: TB-IRIS occurred in 82 of 292 (28%) participants. Significant baseline risk factors predisposing to TB-IRIS occurrence in univariate analysis were: lower CD4 + T-cell count, CD4/CD8 ratio, haemoglobin levels, presence of extra-pulmonary TB focus, and higher HIV viral load; the last two retained significance in the multivariate analysis. After 2 months of ATT commencement, sputum smear conversion was documented in 45 of 80 (56.2%) vs. 124 of 194 (63.9%) (p = 0.23), culture conversion was in 75 of 80 (93.7%) vs. 178 of 194 (91.7%) (p = 0.57) and the median decline in viral load (log 10 copies/mm 3 ) was 2.7 in the IRIS vs. 1.1 in the non-IRIS groups (p < 0.0001), respectively. An unfavourable response to TB therapy was detected in 17 of 82 (20.7%) and 28 of 210 (13.3%) in the IRIS and non-IRIS groups, respectively (p = 0.14).","journal":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2020,"id":88294,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.877,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":447610,"name":"Keerthana Jyotheeswaran","orcid":"0000-0003-0538-6822","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":447611,"name":"Thirumaran Senguttuvan","orcid":"0000-0003-1497-8678","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":341771,"name":"Caian L. Vinhaes","orcid":"0000-0003-3370-7128","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":447612,"name":"Ramesh Santhanakrishnan","orcid":"0000-0003-0006-7873","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448478,"name":"Tamizhselvan Manoharan","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448479,"name":"Anbhalagan Selvaraj","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":326388,"name":"Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarsini","orcid":"0000-0002-1324-4595","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":352411,"name":"Pradeep A. Menon","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448480,"name":"Kannabiran P. Bhavani","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":327696,"name":"Devarajulu Reddy","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448481,"name":"Ravichandran Narayanan","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448482,"name":"Balaji Subramanyam","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448483,"name":"Sekhar Sathyavelu","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448484,"name":"Raja Krishnaraja","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":447613,"name":"Pownraj Kalirajan","orcid":"0000-0001-9210-5085","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448485,"name":"Dhanalakshmi Angamuthu","orcid":null,"position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448486,"name":"Stella Susaimuthu","orcid":null,"position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448487,"name":"R. Ganesan","orcid":null,"position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":435960,"name":"Srikanth Tripathy","orcid":"0000-0002-8363-2606","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22837,"name":"Soumya Swaminathan","orcid":"0009-0004-2233-7250","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":252301,"name":"Bruno B. Andrade","orcid":"0000-0001-6833-3811","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":447609,"name":"Gopalan Narendran","orcid":"0000-0002-8049-7541","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":36,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:00:56.736935Z","pmid":"32623087","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}