{"doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2023.100152","title":"COVID-19, Disability, and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: A Scoping Review of Early-Stage Pandemic Response","abstract":"•Early COVID-19 pandemic response failed to support people with disability.•Healthcare policies and public health guidelines created unanticipated challenges.•International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health was used to detect COVID-19–related environmental barriers and facilitators.•Guidelines for universal design are recommended for equitable emergency response.•People with disability should be involved in public health decision making. IntroductionThis study aimed to systematically identify the environmental factors that impacted people with disability during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA scoping literature review was conducted using LitCOVID (January 1–July 31, 2020). Sixty-six articles met the inclusion criteria that (1) discussed disability and/or health conditions related to functioning and (2) considered environmental factors. A qualitative content analysis was conducted using codes from the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.ResultsA total of 212 International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health codes were used in the coding process. The most frequent codes referred to health services policies and public health guidelines. These policies, although generally considered facilitators for minimizing infection, were frequently identified as barriers to the health, participation, and human rights of people with disability. The lack of disability-specific population data was identified as a key barrier to planning and decision making.ConclusionsThe social determinants of health for people with disability were not adequately considered in the acute phase of infection prevention at the population level. Integrating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in emergency management provides a tool to evaluate functioning and address barriers for those in need.","journal":"AJPM Focus","year":2023,"id":373530,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9551,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":327081,"name":"Philippa Clarke","orcid":"0000-0002-4925-2968","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1134833,"name":"Hana Shewamoltot Meshesha","orcid":"0000-0001-5548-3132","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1134834,"name":"Kristine Mulhorn","orcid":"0000-0001-9969-0010","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":950072,"name":"Meg Ann Traci","orcid":"0000-0002-7128-3197","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1135260,"name":"Els R. Nieuwenhuijsen","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1134832,"name":"Mackenzie G. Jones","orcid":"0000-0002-5887-6203","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":32,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:16:07.080027Z","pmid":"38089427","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}