{"doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123316","title":"Associations of endocrine disrupting chemical biomarkers and their mixture with vitamin D biomarker concentrations in childhood: The HOME Study","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Children are universally exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which may disrupt the vitamin D system through several mechanisms, including competitive receptor binding. Current epidemiologic evidence is limited, especially in children. We cross-sectionally investigated the short-term associations of 24 EDC biomarkers with 3 vitamin D biomarkers measured at ages 8 and 12 years. METHODS: Among 236 children from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study, we quantified serum concentrations of 4 per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), 5 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and 3 vitamin D biomarkers and urinary metabolites of 4 organophosphate esters (OPE), 9 phthalates/replacements, and 2 environmental phenols at ages 8 (n = 180) and 12 (n = 187) years. Using linear regression models with generalized estimating equations, we estimated cross-sectional covariate-adjusted associations of interquartile range (IQR)-scaled log2 EDCs with vitamin D biomarkers. We used g-computation models to estimate effects of class-based and overall mixtures. RESULTS: A simultaneous IQR increase in all 24 EDCs was associated with 6.6 ng/mL (95% CI: 2.7, 10.6) higher total 25-dihydroxyvitamin D [total 25(OH)D]. Class-based mixtures of PFAS (β: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.3, 5.0), PBDEs (β: 2.1; 95% CI: 0.3, 3.9) and OPEs (β: 2.6; 95% CI: 0.3, 4.8) were associated with higher total 25(OH)D whereas environmental phenols (β: 0.8; 95% CI: -0.8, 2.4) and phthalates/replacements (β: -0.8; 95% CI: -3.3, 1.8) were not. Results for 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were similar. The PBDE mixture was associated with 4.0 pg/mL (95% CI: 0.4, 7.6) higher 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that EDCs may alter the childhood vitamin D system. Associations with higher vitamin D biomarker levels may indicate competitive receptor binding and altered cellular transport with potential adverse downstream health impacts.","journal":"Environmental Research","year":2025,"id":537249,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9426,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":628844,"name":"Jordan R. Kuiper","orcid":"0000-0002-4285-1562","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":923308,"name":"Taylor Etzel","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":301984,"name":"Bruce P. Lanphear","orcid":"0000-0003-2598-5574","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":788,"name":"Andrew N. Hoofnagle","orcid":"0000-0002-6449-0243","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":241824,"name":"Antonia M. Calafat","orcid":"0000-0002-9796-7482","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":691635,"name":"Julianne Cook Botelho","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":466958,"name":"María Ospina","orcid":"0000-0003-2682-4510","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":921794,"name":"Andreas Sjödin","orcid":"0000-0001-5350-4219","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":327091,"name":"Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá","orcid":"0000-0002-6600-7227","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":277475,"name":"Kim M. Cecil","orcid":"0000-0001-8233-5485","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":301983,"name":"Aimin Chen","orcid":"0000-0001-9713-6438","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":378251,"name":"Yingying Xu","orcid":"0000-0001-5247-3721","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":301982,"name":"Kimberly Yolton","orcid":"0000-0002-4458-0516","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":45180,"name":"Heidi J. Kalkwarf","orcid":"0000-0001-9030-8401","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275578,"name":"Joseph M. Braun","orcid":"0000-0002-5239-3235","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105708,"name":"Jessie P. Buckley","orcid":"0000-0001-7976-0157","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1234836,"name":"Katherine M. Marquess","orcid":"0000-0002-3566-5278","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":82,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:52:12.997494Z","pmid":"41224132","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}