{"doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122997","title":"Gestational PFAS concentrations in association with maternal depression and perceived stress during pregnancy and postpartum in the ECHO cohort","abstract":"Depression and perceived stress are common perinatal morbidities. We assessed associations between prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with prenatal and postpartum depression and perceived stress. We analyzed concentrations of 7 PFAS in maternal plasma or serum in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort (n = 4403). We ascertained prenatal depression diagnosis; prenatal and postpartum depressive symptom severity using a Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Depression (PROMIS-D) t-score; and prenatal and postpartum perceived stress using a Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) t-score. Linear and modified Poisson models assessed associations of PFAS with outcomes. Quantile g-computation assessed PFAS mixtures. We evaluated effect modification by nativity and Social Vulnerability Index. N-MeFOSAA was positively associated, PFDA was inversely associated, and PFOS and PFOA were nonlinearly associated with multiple outcomes. For example, the highest category of N-MeFOSAA was associated with 0.93 (95 %CI: -0.17, 2.03) units higher postpartum PROMIS-D t-scores, and 1.88 (95 %CI: 1.05, 2.72) units higher postpartum PSS t-scores. In contrast, the highest category of PFDA was associated with 25 % (risk ratio [RR]: 0.75 [95 %CI: 0.56, 1.01]) lower risk of depression diagnosis and 0.83 (95 %CI: 0.14, 1.51) units lower prenatal PSS t-scores. The middle and highest categories of PFOS were associated with 26 % (RR: 1.26 [95 %CI: 1.05,1.52]) higher and 38 % (RR: 0.62 [95 %CI: 0.37, 1.05]) lower risk of depression diagnosis; and 0.97 (95 %CI: 0.09, 1.84) units higher and 0.04 (95 %CI: -1.53, 1.62) units lower prenatal PSS t-score. Some PFAS may be associated with altered depressive symptoms and perceived stress; investigation into mechanisms is needed.","journal":"Environmental Research","year":2025,"id":547363,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8794,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1055884,"name":"Wei Yang","orcid":"0000-0001-7993-8170","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":381696,"name":"Assiamira Ferrara","orcid":"0000-0002-7505-4826","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":322969,"name":"Monique M. 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KARAGAS","orcid":"0000-0002-6398-7362","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":324271,"name":"Alison E. Hipwell","orcid":"0000-0001-7179-1151","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271737,"name":"Thomas G. O’Connor","orcid":"0000-0002-8590-5057","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":289458,"name":"Courtney C. Carignan","orcid":"0000-0002-5500-0222","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278838,"name":"Carrie V. Breton","orcid":"0000-0002-6082-4066","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":307233,"name":"Theresa M. Bastain","orcid":"0000-0002-0029-5641","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325491,"name":"Catherine J. Karr","orcid":"0000-0002-4683-2270","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":289392,"name":"Kristen Lyall","orcid":"0000-0002-4633-0799","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275850,"name":"Lyndsay A. Avalos","orcid":"0000-0001-8748-0614","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":476818,"name":"Susanna D. 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