{"doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2023.107740","title":"A satellite-driven model to estimate long-term particulate sulfate levels and attributable mortality burden in China","abstract":"Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution is a major environmental and public health challenge in China. In the recent decade, the PM2.5 level has decreased mainly driven by reductions in particulate sulfate as a result of large-scale desulfurization efforts in coal-fired power plants and industrial facilities. Emerging evidence also points to the differential toxicity of particulate sulfate affecting human health. However, estimating the long-term spatiotemporal trend of sulfate is difficult because a ground monitoring network of PM2.5 constituents has not been established in China. Spaceborne sensors such as the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument can provide complementary information on aerosol size and type. With the help of state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, we developed a sulfate prediction model under support from available ground measurements, MISR-retrieved aerosol microphysical properties, and atmospheric reanalysis data at a spatial resolution of 0.1°. Our sulfate model performed well with an out-of-bag cross-validation R2 of 0.68 at the daily level and 0.93 at the monthly level. We found that the national mean population-weighted sulfate concentration was relatively stable before the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan was enforced in 2013, ranging from 10.4 to 11.5 µg m−3. But the sulfate level dramatically decreased to 7.7 µg m−3 in 2018, with a change rate of −28.7 % from 2013 to 2018. Correspondingly, the annual mean total non-accidental and cardiopulmonary deaths attributed to sulfate decreased by 40.7 % and 42.3 %, respectively. The long-term, full-coverage sulfate level estimates will support future studies on evaluating air quality policies and understanding the adverse health effect of particulate sulfate.","journal":"Environment International","year":2023,"id":331405,"datarank":0.5050943744979712,"base_score":3.367295829986474,"endowment":3.367295829986474,"self_citation_contribution":0.5050943744979712,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5050943744979712,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":28,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9365,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":894186,"name":"Yun Hang","orcid":"0000-0002-3240-2149","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1056375,"name":"Xiuran Lin","orcid":"0000-0001-6291-1756","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":340397,"name":"Tiantian Li","orcid":"0000-0003-2938-3917","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":894188,"name":"Tijian Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-9599-3874","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":894189,"name":"Junji Cao","orcid":"0000-0003-1000-7241","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":894190,"name":"Qingyan Fu","orcid":"0000-0003-2192-5654","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":853426,"name":"Sagnik Dey","orcid":"0000-0002-0604-0869","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":894192,"name":"Kan Huang","orcid":"0000-0002-8909-8184","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":689149,"name":"Fengchao Liang","orcid":"0000-0003-2088-0722","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22578,"name":"Haidong Kan","orcid":"0000-0002-1871-8999","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":332424,"name":"Xiaoming Shi","orcid":"0000-0002-7071-571X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":23140,"name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"0000-0001-5477-2186","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":894187,"name":"Xia Meng","orcid":"0000-0002-0751-1722","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":49,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:09:19.317824Z","pmid":"36634483","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}