{"doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2022.107726","title":"Estimating causal links of long-term exposure to particulate matters with all-cause mortality in South China","abstract":"The association between long-term particulate matter (PM) exposure and all-cause mortality has been well-documented. However, evidence is still limited from high-exposed cohorts, especially for PM1 which is smaller while more toxic than other commonly investigated particles. We aimed to examine the potential casual links of long-term PMs exposure with all-cause mortality in high-exposed areas. A total of 580,757 participants in southern China were enrolled during 2009–2015 and followed up to 2020. The annual average concentration of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 at 1 km2 spatial resolution was assessed for each residential address through validated spatiotemporal models. We used marginal structural Cox models to estimate the PM-mortality associations which were further stratified by sociodemographic, lifestyle factors and general exposure levels. 37,578 deaths were totally identified during averagely 8.0 years of follow-up. Increased exposure to all 3 PM size fractions were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.042 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.037–1.046), 1.031 (95 % CI: 1.028–1.033), and 1.029 (95 % CI: 1.027–1.031) per 1 μg/m3 increase in PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations, respectively. We observed greater effect estimates among the elderly (age ≥ 65 years), unmarried participants, and those with low education attainment. Additionally, the effect of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 tend to be higher in the low-exposure group than in the general population. We provided comprehensive evidence for the potential causal links between long-term PM exposure and all-cause mortality, and suggested stronger links for PM1 compared to large particles and among certain vulnerable subgroups.","journal":"Environment International","year":2023,"id":331836,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":26,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9541,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":863095,"name":"Jing Wei","orcid":"0000-0002-8803-7056","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":707573,"name":"Yuqin Zhang","orcid":"0000-0003-3167-9848","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1057285,"name":"Tong Guo","orcid":"0000-0002-8118-7422","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1044364,"name":"Shirui Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-9863-4292","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1044363,"name":"Wenjing Wu","orcid":"0000-0001-8479-0895","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1057286,"name":"Shimin Chen","orcid":"0000-0001-6123-0895","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1057287,"name":"Ziqiang Li","orcid":"0000-0002-2992-4595","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1057288,"name":"Yanji Qu","orcid":"0000-0003-1766-6338","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":839364,"name":"Jianpeng Xiao","orcid":"0000-0001-9665-6036","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":404433,"name":"Xin Deng","orcid":"0000-0001-8129-6007","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1057289,"name":"Yu Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-5263-9610","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":501532,"name":"Zhicheng Du","orcid":"0000-0002-1155-8443","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":501531,"name":"Wangjian Zhang","orcid":"0000-0001-9655-6385","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22531,"name":"Yuantao Hao","orcid":"0000-0001-8024-5312","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1044365,"name":"Ying Wang","orcid":"0009-0008-3662-2692","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":63,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:09:25.015646Z","pmid":"36638656","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}