{"doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2022.107620","title":"Exposure to glyphosate in the United States: Data from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Exposure to glyphosate, the most used herbicide in the United States, is not well characterized. We assessed glyphosate exposure in a representative sample of the U.S. population ≥ 6 years from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS: We quantified glyphosate in urine (N = 2,310) by ion chromatography isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. We conducted univariate analysis using log-transformed creatinine-corrected glyphosate concentrations with demographic and lifestyle covariates we hypothesized could affect glyphosate exposure based on published data including race/ethnicity, sex, age group, family income to poverty ratio, fasting time, sample collection season, consumption of food categories (including cereal consumption) and having used weed killer products. We used multiple logistic regression to examine the likelihood of glyphosate concentrations being above the 95th percentile and age-stratified multiple linear regression to evaluate associations between glyphosate concentrations and statistically significant covariates from the univariate analysis: race/ethnicity, sex, age group, fasting time, cereal consumption, soft drink consumption, sample collection season, and urinary creatinine. RESULTS: Glyphosate weighted detection frequency was 81.2 % (median (interquartile range): 0.392 (0.263-0.656) μg/L; 0.450 (0.266-0.753) μg/g creatinine). Glyphosate concentration decreased from age 6-11 until age 20-59 and increased at 60+ years in univariate analyses. Children/adolescents and adults who fasted > 8 h had significantly lower model-adjusted geometric means (0.43 (0.37-0.51) μg/L and 0.37 (0.33-0.39) μg/L) than those fasting ≤ 8 h (0.51 (0.46-0.56) μg/L and 0.44 (0.41-0.48) μg/L), respectively. The likelihood (odds ratio (95 % CI)) of glyphosate concentrations being > 95th percentile was 1.94 (1.06-3.54) times higher in people who fasted ≤ 8 h than people fasting > 8 h (P = 0.0318). CONCLUSIONS: These first nationally representative data suggest that over four-fifths of the U.S. general population ≥ 6 years experienced recent exposure to glyphosate. Variation in glyphosate concentration by food consumption habits may reflect diet or lifestyle differences.","journal":"Environment International","year":2022,"id":234791,"datarank":2.598260388721285,"base_score":4.5217885770490405,"endowment":4.5217885770490405,"self_citation_contribution":0.6782682865573562,"citation_network_contribution":1.9199921021639292,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6782682865573562,"citer_contribution":1.9199921021639292,"corpus_percentile":91.598978881411,"corpus_rank":1087,"citation_count":91,"citer_count":77,"citers_with_citation_signal":49,"citers_with_endowment":49,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5144,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":29.1667,"fair_percentile":43.01436869458881,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":462257,"name":"André Schütze","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":642733,"name":"Pilar Morales-Agudelo","orcid":"0000-0001-9750-6320","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":642734,"name":"Meghan Vidal","orcid":"0000-0002-3830-1007","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":460659,"name":"Lee-Yang Wong","orcid":"0009-0000-8369-3209","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":241824,"name":"Antonia M. Calafat","orcid":"0000-0002-9796-7482","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":466958,"name":"María Ospina","orcid":"0000-0003-2682-4510","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":78,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:21:42.662304Z","pmid":"36368224","pmcid":"PMC10240384","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":33.3333,"fair_a":75.0,"fair_i":0.0,"fair_r":8.3333,"fair_zscore":-0.2091,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":29.17,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":33.33,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not provide any persistent identifier (DOI, Handle, accession, or URL) for the dataset; it only mentions the NHANES website in prose. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Data is publicly available on the NHANES website.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The data are held by the NHANES program (CDC website), which is not a curated repository listed in re3data/FAIRsharing; it is a non-repository host. 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A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For proteomics data, deposit in PRIDE (PXD accession) or ProteomeXchange.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not provide any persistent identifier (DOI, Handle, accession, or URL) for the dataset; it only mentions the NHANES website in prose. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"r_reuse_license","dimension":"R","label":"Reuse licence","action":"Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 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A name is not a link: it cannot be resolved, versioned, or followed by a machine.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not provide identifiers for any external resources (e.g., genome builds, database accessions) that it depends on.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","dimension":"A","label":"Availability timing & retention","action":"State when the data become available AND how long they will be retained — cite the repository's preservation policy. NIH DMS Element 4 asks for both; most papers give neither.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No sentence in the paper states when the data become available or how long they persist. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For proteomics data, deposit in PRIDE (PXD accession) or ProteomeXchange.","Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For proteomics data, deposit in PRIDE (PXD accession) or ProteomeXchange.","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the proteomics repository accession (e.g. from PRIDE (PXD accession) or ProteomeXchange) in the reference list.","Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable. Prefer open proteomics formats such as mzML or mzIdentML."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"epmc_xml"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"epmc_xml","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T11:06:35.307385Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}