{"doi":"10.1016/j.ekir.2024.02.1396","title":"Immune Checkpoint Therapy–Induced Lupus Nephritis","abstract":"Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT), an emerging transformative cancer treatment, targets inhibitory proteins in the immune system, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). This strategy has remarkably improved disease outcomes for various cancers.1Toi Y. Sugawara S. Sugisaka J. et al.Profiling Preexisting Antibodies in Patients Treated With Anti-PD-1 Therapy for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.JAMA Oncol. 2019; 5: 376-383https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.5860Crossref PubMed Scopus (225) Google Scholar However, ICT can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which are characterized by an uncontrolled and dysregulated immune response that affects multiple organs. Although the precise mechanisms underlying ICT-induced autoimmune disease are not fully understood, autoantibody development in response to treatment has been well established. Renal irAEs are less frequent but potentially severe. Despite the reported incidence of renal irAEs being relatively low, any renal impairment can significantly impact patient outcomes, leading to reduced overall survival and potential ineligibility for future clinical trials.1Toi Y. Sugawara S. Sugisaka J. et al.Profiling Preexisting Antibodies in Patients Treated With Anti-PD-1 Therapy for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.JAMA Oncol. 2019; 5: 376-383https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.5860Crossref PubMed Scopus (225) Google Scholar Close monitoring of kidney function during ICT is critical to preserve and optimize renal health. Renal irAEs have diverse clinical presentations, including electrolyte disturbances, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, acute tubular necrosis, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, and, rarely, sarcoidosis2Kitchlu A. Jhaveri K.D. Wadhwani S. et al.A Systematic Review of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Glomerular Disease.Kidney Int Rep. 2021; 6: 66-77https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2020.10.002Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (73) Google Scholar,3Charkviani M. Herrmann S.M. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Sarcoidosis Reaction in the Kidney: Case Report.Kidney Med. 2023 Mar 13; 5100626https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100626Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (2) Google Scholar . Among these, glomerulonephritis, an autoimmune disease affecting the glomeruli, is a rare, serious complication following ICT exposure. Recent studies have shown that glomerulonephritis accounts for a significant proportion of ICT-associated glomerular disease, with pauci-immune glomerulonephritis and renal vasculitis being the most commonly observed subtypes.2Kitchlu A. Jhaveri K.D. Wadhwani S. et al.A Systematic Review of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Glomerular Disease.Kidney Int Rep. 2021; 6: 66-77https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2020.10.002Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (73) Google Scholar However, the association between pre-existing autoantibodies and irAE risk remains inconclusive, particularly regarding renal irAEs. Further investigation into specific autoantibodies, such as antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs), before and after ICT exposure may provide valuable insights into predicting irAEs and overall survival in cancer patients.4Sakakida T. Ishikawa T. Chihara Y. et al.Safety and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in patients with preexisting antinuclear antibodies.Clin Transl Oncol. 2020; 22: 919-927https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-019-02214-8Crossref PubMed Scopus (37) Google Scholar, 5Barth D.A. Stanzer S. Spiegelberg J. et al.Evaluation of autoantibodies as predictors of treatment response and immune-related adverse events during the treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A prospective longitudinal pan-cancer study.Cancer Med. 2022; 11: 3074-3083https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.4675Crossref Scopus (11) Google Scholar Management of glomerulonephritis after ICT involves kidney biopsies for accurate diagnosis and tailored t","journal":"Kidney International Reports","year":2024,"id":464842,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9587,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1296032,"name":"Saifudeen Abdelrahim","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1295716,"name":"Majd Al Shaarani","orcid":"0000-0003-0295-5276","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":848062,"name":"Huifang Lu","orcid":"0000-0001-6568-2290","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1296033,"name":"Raisa Ahmad","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1165368,"name":"Sangeeta Goswami","orcid":"0000-0001-9201-4503","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":356843,"name":"Ala Abudayyeh","orcid":"0000-0002-5813-6299","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1296031,"name":"Imran Humza Hanif","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":10,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:04:42.082401Z","pmid":"38707799","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}