{"doi":"10.1016/j.ekir.2022.07.011","title":"COVID-19 Infection Does Not Alter HLA Antibody Reactivity","abstract":"IntroductionThe requirement for immunosuppression in organ transplant recipients, particularly suppression of the T cell response, has made this population especially vulnerable to prolonged and severe infections during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.1Cholankeril G. Podboy A. Alshuwaykh O.S. et al.Early impact of COVID-19 on solid organ transplantation in the United States.Transplantation. 2020; 104: 2221-2224https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000003391Crossref PubMed Scopus (46) Google Scholar Acknowledgment of this increased risk led to the reduction of deceased-donor organ transplantation, and for many programs, complete cessation of living-donor operations during the early periods of the COVID-19 pandemic.2Aubert O. Yoo D. Zielinski D. et al.COVID-19 pandemic and worldwide organ transplantation: a population-based study.Lancet Public Health. 2021; 6: e709-e719https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00200-0Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (50) Google Scholar,3Boyarsky B.J. Chiang P.-Y. Werbel W.A. et al.Early impact of COVID-19 on transplant center practices and policies in the United States.Am J Transplant Published online. May 10. 2020; 20: 1809-1818https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.15915Crossref PubMed Scopus (187) Google Scholar Nevertheless, for transplant recipients, the risk of contracting viral disease does not exist in a vacuum. Solid organ transplant candidates have a number of characteristics that increase their morbidity and mortality risk above that of the general population. Delineating the presentation and effects of SARS-CoV-2 in this cohort is critical to understanding the new landscape of organ transplantation in the context of an ongoing pandemic.4Hilbrands L.B. Duivenvoorden R. Vart P. et al.COVID-19-related mortality in kidney transplant and dialysis patients: results of the ERACODA collaboration.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2020; 35: 1973-1983https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa261Crossref PubMed Scopus (177) Google Scholar, 5Thaunat O. Legeai C. Anglicheau D. et al.IMPact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the moRTAlity of kidney transplant recipients and candidates in a French Nationwide registry sTudy (IMPORTANT).Kidney Int. 2020; 98: 1568-1577https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.10.008Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (49) Google Scholar, 6Craig-Schapiro R. Salinas T. Lubetzky M. et al.COVID-19 outcomes in patients waitlisted for kidney transplantation and kidney transplant recipients.Am J Transplant Published online November 8. 2020; 21: 1576-1585https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16351Crossref PubMed Scopus (40) Google ScholarOf particular concern in both transplant recipients and candidates is the possibility of heterologous immunity after infection, with cross-reactive T cell receptor specificity leading to unanticipated allosensitization. Virus-specific T cells that harbor cross-reactivity to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigens have been identified for Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus, HIV, herpes simplex virus 2, and Influenza.S5-S11 Whereas T cell cross-reactivity is not easily determined, HLA antibodies are routinely tested in this population and provide a useful surrogate endpoint. A recent report describes the presence of HLA antibodies in the convalescent serum of male patients without any known allosensitizing events.7Juskewitch J.E. Stubbs J.R. Gandhi M.J. Elevated rate of HLA antibodies in male COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors: A risk factor for transfusion-related acute lung injury.Mayo Clin Proc. 2021; 96: 500-502https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.11.007Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar In response to this, the HLA antibody profile among a small series of waitlist candidates who developed symptomatic COVID-19 was assessed.8Roll G.R. Lunow-Luke T. Braun H.J. et al.COVID-19 does not impact HLA antibody profile in a series of waitlisted renal transplant candidates.Hum Immunol. 2021; 82: 568-573https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hum","journal":"Kidney International Reports","year":2022,"id":310029,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9536,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":504868,"name":"Christian P. Larsen","orcid":"0000-0001-6573-2649","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1005187,"name":"Howard M. Gebel","orcid":"0000-0003-0197-2752","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":829991,"name":"Robert A. Bray","orcid":"0000-0003-3598-5180","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":950465,"name":"Aileen C. Johnson","orcid":"0000-0001-8524-7560","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":10,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:33:15.860993Z","pmid":"35880144","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}