{"doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100260","title":"Characteristics of insulin prescriptions and their association with glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus","abstract":"We assessed the association between insulin prescription characteristics and glycemic control. Electronic health records (2017–2023) were used to identify adults with type 2 diabetes prescribed insulin from outpatient visits on the same day as a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) result in a Midwest US region. Insulin prescription characteristics were total daily dose, providing a maximum dose, and instruction types (dosing frequency, carbohydrate (carb) counting, correction, and sliding scale). Mixed-effects linear and logistic regression modeled HbA1c and meeting HbA1c target (<7 for age18–64 and <8 for age ≥ 65). Among 11,179 subjects, mean age was 53; 49 % were male, and 58 % White. Overall cohort glycemic control was low, median HbA1c was 9.3; 16 % met HbA1c target; mean HbA1c at last follow-up was 8.7 %. Instruction types were 88 % dosing frequency, 7 % correction, 3 % sliding scale, and 1 % carb counting. HbA1c reduction was associated with carb counting (−0.4, p = 0.009), correction (−0.2, p < 0.001), sliding scale (−0.1, p = 0.014), and providing a maximum daily insulin dose (−0.02, p < 0.001). An increase in total daily insulin dose by 10 units was associated with a 0.001 increase in HbA1c ( p = 0.003). Correction instruction was 1.4 times more likely than dosing frequency to meet HbA1c target ( p < 0.001). Insulin instruction type was associated with glycemic control, but control was low.","journal":"Diabetes Epidemiology and Management","year":2025,"id":572069,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8859,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1478330,"name":"Lappui Chung","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":51702,"name":"Michael W. Weiner","orcid":"0000-0002-0144-1954","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1478331,"name":"Mark Fu","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1478332,"name":"PATRICK BALIUS","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":378086,"name":"Julian Wolfson","orcid":"0000-0002-2032-0875","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":517394,"name":"Helen Fu","orcid":"0000-0003-4371-1147","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":37,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:57:19.669553Z","pmid":"41503167","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}