{"doi":"10.1016/j.contraception.2020.04.019","title":"Etonogestrel concentrations among contraceptive implant users in Botswana using and not using dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy","abstract":null,"journal":"Contraception","year":2020,"id":625821,"datarank":0.40620753016533157,"base_score":2.70805020110221,"endowment":2.70805020110221,"self_citation_contribution":0.40620753016533157,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.40620753016533157,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":14,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":415989,"name":"Alida M. Gertz","orcid":"0000-0001-8025-3793","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535753,"name":"Boikhutso Simon","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":410995,"name":"Leabaneng Tawe","orcid":"0000-0001-9034-2474","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":402527,"name":"Kwana Lechiile","orcid":"0000-0001-6691-1905","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1618653,"name":"Serena Liu","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1456671,"name":"Nicholas Teodoro","orcid":"0000-0001-8607-2651","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":584044,"name":"Aamirah Mussa","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1029515,"name":"Ava Avalos","orcid":"0000-0003-4111-7072","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":714723,"name":"Sifelani Malima","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":714724,"name":"Tshego Maotwe","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":714725,"name":"Lesego Mokganya","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1618654,"name":"Carolyn L. Westhoff","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331898,"name":"Chelsea Morroni","orcid":"0000-0002-2026-6039","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":584042,"name":"Ian J. Bishop","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Etonogestrel concentrations among contraceptive implant users in Botswana using and not using dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy","abstract":"<h4>Objectives</h4>To evaluate whether etonogestrel concentrations are reduced to a level that could potentially reduce contraceptive efficacy when the etonogestrel contraceptive implant is used concomitantly with dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART).<h4>Study design</h4>We conducted a non-randomized, open-label, cross-sectional pharmacokinetic study among women using single-rod etonogestrel contraceptive implants in Botswana. We compared plasma etonogestrel concentrations, sampled at a single time-point between 3 and 12 months from implant insertion, among implant users living with HIV and receiving dolutegravir-based ART with HIV-negative implant users. We also assessed concentrations among implant users living with HIV and receiving efavirenz-based ART. We compared geometric mean etonogestrel concentrations analyzing data from 142 participants: 97 HIV-negative, 30 using dolutegravir, and 15 using efavirenz.<h4>Results</h4>The groups were similar. Duration of implant use was between 3 and 12 months (median = 5). Geometric mean etonogestrel plasma concentrations and 90% confidence intervals of the mean were 227.5(212.4-243.8), 289.6(251.8-333.0) and 76.4(63.9-91.4) pg/mL among the HIV-negative, dolutegravir- and efavirenz-based ART groups, respectively. All women in the HIV-negative and dolutegravir-based ART groups had etonogestrel concentrations above 90 pg/mL; 9/15 women (60%) using efavirenz-based ART had concentrations below 90 pg/mL. On average, etonogestrel levels were lower among individuals who had implants inserted for longer durations.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Implant users receiving dolutegravir-based ART had a higher mean etonogestrel concentration compared to HIV-negative women, and none had etonogestrel concentrations below the posited threshold for ovulation suppression. In contrast, women in the efavirenz-group had much lower etonogestrel concentrations. Overall, these data provide evidence that the etonogestrel implant may be effectively combined with dolutegravir-based ART regimens.<h4>Implications</h4>The etonogestrel implant remains a highly effective contraceptive option for women living with HIV who use dolutegravir-based ART.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.70805020110221,"endowment":2.70805020110221,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"32387328","pmcid":"PMC12503132","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3023235153","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"FIC NIH HHS","grant_id":"D43 TW010543","title":null},{"funder_name":"NCATS NIH HHS","grant_id":"UL1 TR000040","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":1.3686,"citation_percentile":0.82270798,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2020,"count":2},{"year":2021,"count":2},{"year":2022,"count":2},{"year":2023,"count":2},{"year":2024,"count":2},{"year":2025,"count":2},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"green","license":"https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12503132/","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12503132/","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0010782420301347?httpAccept=text/xml","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0010782420301347?httpAccept=text/plain","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2020.04.019","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32387328","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/14468/1/Bishop_DTG%20IMP%20Ms_REVISION%201_4.28.20_FINAL.docx","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12503132","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Reproductive Health and Contraception","Reproductive tract infections research","HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","Botswana","Contraceptive Agents","Contraceptive Agents, Female","Cross-Sectional Studies","Desogestrel","Female","HIV Infections","Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring","Humans","Oxazines","Piperazines","Pyridones","Dolutegravir"],"mesh_terms":["Dolutegravir","Botswana","Contraceptive Agents","Contraceptive Agents, Female","Cross-Sectional Studies","Female","Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring","Humans","Oxazines","Piperazines","Pyridones","HIV Infections","Desogestrel"],"keywords":["Etonogestrel","Dolutegravir","Contraceptive implant","Medicine","Efavirenz","Implant","Population","Gynecology","Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","Viral load","Antiretroviral therapy","Surgery","Virology","Family planning","Drug–drug Interaction"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"nct"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-04T11:00:18.834733Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}