{"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.06.013","title":"Effects of high-quality protein supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with metabolic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","abstract":null,"journal":"Clinical Nutrition","year":2024,"id":640574,"datarank":0.3958585994422889,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"self_citation_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1664873,"name":"Fangxiao Cheng","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":648088,"name":"Jian He","orcid":"0000-0003-3846-3038","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1664874,"name":"Teng Xu","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270523,"name":"Xu Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-9817-4492","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1125224,"name":"Sitong Wan","orcid":"0000-0003-3717-5800","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1664875,"name":"Jingyi Qi","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":932090,"name":"Jingjing He","orcid":"0000-0001-5574-1517","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1664876,"name":"Fangyan Chen","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":439683,"name":"Junjie Luo","orcid":"0000-0003-4406-5730","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1664877,"name":"Yongting Luo","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":110337,"name":"Peng An","orcid":"0000-0002-0048-2738","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1664872,"name":"Shuaishuai Zhou","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Effects of high-quality protein supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with metabolic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","abstract":"<h4>Background</h4>Uncertainties still existed about the effect of high-quality protein supplementation on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, although high-quality proteins such as soy and milk proteins have proposed to be beneficial for cardiometabolic health.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase was conducted to quantify the impact of high-quality protein on CVD risk factors.<h4>Results</h4>63 RCTs on 4 types of high-quality protein including soy protein, milk protein, whey, and casein were evaluated. Soy protein supplementation decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP, -1.42 [-2.68, -0.17] mmHg), total cholesterol (TC, -0.18 [-0.30, -0.07] mmol/L), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, -0.16 [-0.27, -0.05] mmol/L). Milk protein supplementation decreased SBP (-2.30 [-3.45, -1.15] mmHg) and total cholesterol (-0.27 [-0.51, -0.03] mmol/L). Whey supplementation decreased SBP (-2.20 [-3.89, -0.51] mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, -1.07 [-1.98, -0.16] mmHg), triglycerides (-0.10 [-0.17, -0.03] mmol/L), TC (-0.18 [-0.35, -0.01] mmol/L), LDL-C (-0.09 [-0.16, -0.01] mmol/L) and fasting blood insulin (FBI, -2.02 [-3.75, -0.29] pmol/L). Casein supplementation decreased SBP (-4.10 [-8.05, -0.14] mmHg). In the pooled analysis of four high-quality proteins, differential effects were seen in individuals with different health status. In hypertensive individuals, high-quality proteins decreased both SBP (-2.69 [-3.50, -1.87] mmHg) and DBP (-1.34 [-2.09, -0.60] mmHg). In overweight/obese individuals, high-quality proteins improved SBP (-1.40 [-2.22, -0.59] mmHg), DBP (-2.59 [-3.20, -1.98] mmHg), triglycerides (-0.09 [-0.15, -0.02] mmol/L), TC (-0.14 [-0.22, -0.05] mmol/L), LDL-C (-0.12 [-0.16, -0.07] mmol/L), and HDL-C levels (0.02 [0.01, 0.04] mmol/L). According to the benefits on CVD risks factors, whey ranked top for improving cardiometabolic health in hypertensive or overweight/obese individuals.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Our study supports a beneficial role of high-quality protein supplementation to reduce CVD risk factors. Further studies are still warranted to investigate the effects of different high-quality proteins on CVD risks in individuals with cardiometabolic disorders.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"38924998","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4399701293","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","grant_id":"","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":2.1802,"citation_percentile":0.87072808,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":6},{"year":2026,"count":6}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S026156142400205X?httpAccept=text/xml","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S026156142400205X?httpAccept=text/plain","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2024.06.013","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38924998","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Phytoestrogen effects and research","Nutritional Studies and Diet","Muscle metabolism and nutrition","Humans","Dietary Supplements","Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","Cardiovascular Diseases","Heart Disease Risk Factors","Metabolic Diseases","Dietary Proteins","Soybean Proteins","Milk Proteins","Blood Pressure","Whey Proteins","Risk Factors"],"mesh_terms":["Whey Proteins","Heart Disease Risk Factors","Blood Pressure","Cardiovascular Diseases","Dietary Proteins","Humans","Metabolic Diseases","Milk Proteins","Risk Factors","Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","Dietary Supplements","Soybean Proteins"],"keywords":["Medicine","Blood pressure","Internal medicine","Endocrinology","Soy protein","Casein","Cholesterol","Whey protein","Metabolic syndrome","Randomized controlled trial","Obesity","Food science","Biology","Pathology","Meta-analysis","blood lipids","Blood Glucose","High-quality Protein"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-07T12:51:45.664850Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}