{"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.004","title":"Peanuts as a nighttime snack enrich butyrate-producing bacteria compared to an isocaloric lower-fat higher-carbohydrate snack in adults with elevated fasting glucose: A randomized crossover trial","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Tree nuts have glucoregulatory effects and influence gut microbiota composition. The effect of peanuts on the microbiota has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to examine the effect of 28 g/d of peanuts for 6-wks, compared to an isocaloric lower-fat higher-carbohydrate (LFHC) snack, on gut microbiota composition. A secondary aim was to identify functional and active compositional differences in a subset of participants using metatranscriptomics. METHODS: ; plasma glucose 100 ± 8 mg/dL) consumed 28 g/d of dry roasted, unsalted, peanuts (164 kcal; 11% E carbohydrate, 17% E protein, 73% E fat, and 2.4 g fiber) or a LFHC snack (164 kcal; 53% E carbohydrate, 17% E protein, 33% E fat, and 3 g fiber) for 6-wk (4-wk washout period). Gut bacterial composition was measured using 16S rRNA sequencing in the whole cohort. Exploratory metatranscriptomic analyses were conducted on a random subset (n = 24) of samples from the Peanut condition. RESULTS: No between-condition differences in α- or β- diversity were observed. Following peanut intake, Ruminococcaceae were significantly more abundant [Linear discriminant analysis score (LDA) = 2.8; P = 0.027)] compared to LFHC. Metatranscriptomics showed increased expression of the K03518 (aerobic carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase small subunit) gene following peanut intake (LDA = 2.0; P = 0.004) and Roseburia intestinalis L1-82 was identified as a contributor to the increased expression. CONCLUSION: An increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae was observed following consumption of 28 g/d of peanuts in adults with elevated fasting glucose after 6-wks. Metatranscriptomics revealed increased expression of the K03518 gene. These results suggest peanut intake enriches a known butyrate producer and the increased expression of a gene implicated in butyrate production adds further support for peanut-induced gut microbiome modulation. NCT: 03654651.","journal":"Clinical Nutrition","year":2022,"id":258936,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":17,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9594,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":233815,"name":"Penny M. Kris‐Etherton","orcid":"0000-0001-6012-4900","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":911692,"name":"Elke A. Arnesen","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":367003,"name":"Jeremy R. Chen See","orcid":"0000-0003-1057-2857","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":367005,"name":"Regina Lamendella","orcid":"0000-0002-0952-1326","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":477708,"name":"Kristina H. Petersen","orcid":"0000-0002-1944-6972","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":753932,"name":"Philip A. Sapp","orcid":"0000-0003-1431-0619","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":41,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:25:47.305414Z","pmid":"36067589","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}