{"doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114808","title":"Cortical acetylcholine dynamics are predicted by cholinergic axon activity and behavior state","abstract":"Acetylcholine (ACh) is thought to play a role in driving the rapid, spontaneous brain-state transitions that occur during wakefulness; however, the spatiotemporal properties of cortical ACh activity during these state changes are still unclear. We perform simultaneous imaging of GRAB-ACh sensors, GCaMP-expressing basal forebrain axons, and behavior to address this question. We observed a high correlation between axon and GRAB-ACh activity around periods of locomotion and pupil dilation. GRAB-ACh fluorescence could be accurately predicted from axonal activity alone, and local ACh activity decreased at farther distances from an axon. Deconvolution of GRAB-ACh traces allowed us to account for sensor kinetics and emphasized rapid clearance of small ACh transients. We trained a model to predict ACh from pupil size and running speed, which generalized well to unseen data. These results contribute to a growing understanding of the precise timing and spatial characteristics of cortical ACh during fast brain-state transitions.","journal":"Cell Reports","year":2024,"id":426653,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":17,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9593,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":852671,"name":"Na Zhou","orcid":"0000-0002-7099-1351","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":326720,"name":"Brandon Munn","orcid":"0000-0002-3638-1605","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":666577,"name":"Robert Law","orcid":"0000-0002-1220-3871","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275196,"name":"Cameron Smith","orcid":"0000-0002-2079-4667","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":560547,"name":"Zakir Mridha","orcid":"0000-0002-9772-9812","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":337696,"name":"Francisco A. Blanco","orcid":"0000-0002-1228-8625","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1017984,"name":"Guochuan Li","orcid":"0009-0000-6837-9780","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":151125,"name":"Yulong Li","orcid":"0000-0002-9166-9919","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":333552,"name":"Ming Hu","orcid":"0000-0002-2744-6294","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":260591,"name":"Matthew J. McGinley","orcid":"0000-0002-6516-9670","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":326721,"name":"James M. Shine","orcid":"0000-0003-1762-5499","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":261780,"name":"Jacob Reimer","orcid":"0000-0003-4364-8846","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":319882,"name":"Erin Neyhart","orcid":"0000-0001-9164-0553","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":66,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:58:42.796720Z","pmid":"39383037","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}