{"doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112407","title":"T helper 1 effector memory CD4+ T cells protect the skin from poxvirus infection","abstract":"Poxvirus infections of the skin are a recent emerging public health concern, yet the mechanisms that mediate protective immunity against these viral infections remain largely unknown. Here, we show that T helper 1 (Th1) memory CD4 + T cells are necessary and sufficient to provide complete and broad protection against poxvirus skin infections, whereas memory CD8 + T cells are dispensable. Core 2 O-glycan-synthesizing Th1 effector memory CD4 + T cells rapidly infiltrate the poxvirus-infected skin microenvironment and produce interferon γ (IFNγ) in an antigen-dependent manner, causing global changes in gene expression to promote anti-viral immunity. Keratinocytes express IFN-stimulated genes, upregulate both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II antigen presentation in an IFNγ-dependent manner, and require IFNγ receptor (IFNγR) signaling and MHC class II expression for memory CD4 + T cells to protect the skin from poxvirus infection. Thus, Th1 effector memory CD4 + T cells exhibit potent anti-viral activity within the skin, and keratinocytes are the key targets of IFNγ necessary for preventing poxvirus infection of the epidermis.","journal":"Cell Reports","year":2023,"id":345963,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9477,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":484692,"name":"Mahmoud Abdelbary","orcid":"0000-0002-6989-5194","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":776102,"name":"John B. Schell","orcid":"0000-0001-6707-7051","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1086318,"name":"Samantha P. Fancher","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1086319,"name":"Jack J. McLean","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1085943,"name":"Taylen Nappi","orcid":"0000-0002-1145-8362","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1085944,"name":"Susan Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-1784-6059","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":459614,"name":"Timothy J. Nice","orcid":"0000-0002-4471-7666","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":608744,"name":"Zheng Xia","orcid":"0009-0001-1987-4483","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":474083,"name":"Klaus Früh","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":782439,"name":"Jeffrey C. Nolz","orcid":"0000-0003-4701-7419","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":782438,"name":"Jake C. Harbour","orcid":"0000-0003-2485-3932","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":73,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:11:44.152490Z","pmid":"37083328","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}