{"doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111251","title":"Scaffolding viral protein NC nucleates phase separation of the HIV-1 biomolecular condensate","abstract":"Membraneless biomolecular condensates (BMCs) contribute to the replication of a growing number of viruses but remain to be functionally characterized. Previously, we demonstrated that pan-retroviral nucleocapsid (NC) proteins phase separated into condensates regulating virus assembly. Here we discover that intrinsically disordered human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) core proteins condense with the viral genomic RNA (vRNA) to assemble as BMCs attaining a geometry characteristic of viral reverse transcription complexes. We explore the predisposition, mechanisms, and pharmacologic sensitivity of HIV-1 core BMCs in living cells. HIV-1 vRNA-interacting NC condensates were found to be scaffolds onto which client capsid, reverse transcriptase, and integrase condensates assemble. HIV-1 core BMCs exhibit fundamental characteristics of BMCs and are drug-sensitive. Lastly, protease-mediated maturation of Gag and Gag-Pol precursor proteins yield abundant and visible BMCs in cells. This study redefines HIV-1 core components as fluid BMCs and advances our understanding of the nature of viral cores during ingress.","journal":"Cell Reports","year":2022,"id":247060,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":35,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9575,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":272967,"name":"Meijuan Niu","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":885121,"name":"Maya Nijhoff Asser","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271421,"name":"Robert J. Gorelick","orcid":"0000-0002-1773-9085","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271422,"name":"Andrew J. Mouland","orcid":"0000-0002-1828-0296","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271419,"name":"Anne Monette","orcid":"0000-0002-1940-5046","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":111,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:23:53.369530Z","pmid":"36001979","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}