{"doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.032","title":"Continuous germinal center invasion contributes to the diversity of the immune response","abstract":null,"journal":"Cell","year":2023,"id":602619,"datarank":0.6814942173405006,"base_score":4.543294782270004,"endowment":4.543294782270004,"self_citation_contribution":0.6814942173405006,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6814942173405006,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":93,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":104717,"name":"Melissa Cipolla","orcid":"0000-0001-8156-2512","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":843792,"name":"Maximilian Loewe","orcid":"0000-0003-2935-3750","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104720,"name":"Spencer T. Chen","orcid":"0000-0003-3132-5046","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":636016,"name":"Ervin E. Kara","orcid":"0000-0002-5493-1623","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":295162,"name":"Luka Mesin","orcid":"0000-0001-9852-6841","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104726,"name":"Harald Hartweger","orcid":"0000-0002-1118-1818","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1545598,"name":"Mohamed A. ElTanbouly","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104707,"name":"Alice Cho","orcid":"0000-0001-6354-6148","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104709,"name":"Anna Gazumyan","orcid":"0000-0002-5976-9717","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":152699,"name":"Victor Ramos","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":357035,"name":"Leonidas Stamatatos","orcid":"0000-0002-1106-7097","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104712,"name":"Thiago Y. Oliveira","orcid":"0000-0002-2654-0879","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104187,"name":"Michel C. Nussenzweig","orcid":"0000-0003-0592-8564","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104713,"name":"Charlotte Viant","orcid":"0000-0002-8852-2318","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104711,"name":"Thomas Hägglöf","orcid":"0000-0002-7751-0928","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Continuous germinal center invasion contributes to the diversity of the immune response","abstract":"Antibody responses are characterized by increasing affinity and diversity over time. Affinity maturation occurs in germinal centers by a mechanism that involves repeated cycles of somatic mutation and selection. How antibody responses diversify while also undergoing affinity maturation is not as well understood. Here, we examined germinal center (GC) dynamics by tracking B cell entry, division, somatic mutation, and specificity. Our experiments show that naive B cells continuously enter GCs where they compete for T cell help and undergo clonal expansion. Consistent with late entry, invaders carry fewer mutations but can contribute up to 30% or more of the cells in late-stage germinal centers. Notably, cells entering the germinal center at later stages of the reaction diversify the immune response by expressing receptors that show low affinity to the immunogen. Paradoxically, the affinity threshold for late GC entry is lowered in the presence of high-affinity antibodies.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.543294782270004,"endowment":4.543294782270004,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"36565698","pmcid":"PMC9825658","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4312140670","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"T32 AI070084","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"P01 AI138938","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"P01 AI100148","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"P01 AI138212","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"U19 AI111825","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"R37 AI037526","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"UM1 AI100663","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"UM1 AI144462","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 AI037526","title":null}],"total_grants":9,"fwci":5.3508,"citation_percentile":0.97162525,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2023,"count":18},{"year":2024,"count":28},{"year":2025,"count":25},{"year":2026,"count":22}],"oa_status":"hybrid","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"http://www.cell.com/article/S0092867422015070/pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"http://www.cell.com/article/S0092867422015070/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0092867422015070?httpAccept=text/xml","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0092867422015070?httpAccept=text/plain","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.032","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36565698","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9825658","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["T-cell and B-cell Immunology","Immune Cell Function and Interaction","Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research"],"mesh_terms":["Antibody Affinity","Antibody Formation","Antigens","B-Lymphocytes","Germinal Center"],"keywords":["Germinal center","Biology","Affinity maturation","Immunogen","Somatic cell","Immune system","Cell biology","Antibody","Somatic hypermutation","B cell","Receptor","Mutation","Immunology","Genetics","Monoclonal antibody","Gene","Antibody affinity","Antibody Diversity"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Life in Land"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"geo"},{"name":"rrid"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-29T19:51:23.483545Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}