{"doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107558","title":"Seasonal and Community Size-Related Patterns of Population Dietary Energy, Macronutrients, and Fiber Purchased in Grocery Stores across Nunavut, Canada","abstract":"Background: Food composition-linked grocery sales data provide time- and resource-efficient, low-bias population nutrition insights. This is particularly valuable in the Inuit-majority territory of Nunavut, Canada, where up-to-date diet-related data are lacking amid a nutrition transition. Objectives: ) 5 community size levels (with the territorial capital, Iqaluit, representing the highest level). Methods: Each of 24,463 unique products sold between 1 February, 2013, and 31 July, 2019 was matched to its closest nutritional equivalent in the Canadian Nutrient File or the United States FoodData Central database for energy, macronutrient, and fiber values to be multiplied by product amount. Per capita standardization was performed with 2016 Census data. Analysis of variance tested for the statistical significance of differences in means. Results: Consumer nutrition patterns were seasonally consistent. In the 4 community size levels other than Iqaluit, percentage of energy from protein was relatively low (9%-10%), percentage of energy from carbohydrate was high (63%-66%), and food energy density was high (295-319 kcal/100 edible g). Purchases were least energy-dense in Iqaluit and the largest community size quartile (276 and 295 kcal/100 edible g, respectively). Among 16 categories and across community size levels, Beverages and Juices & Drinks constituted roughly one-fifth of energy and one-third of carbohydrates sold. Sale of fiber was consistently low (6-7 g/capita/day). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of nutrient-linked grocery sales data in the Arctic. Our findings reveal energy-dense, high-carbohydrate, low-protein, low-fiber store-bought grocery sales in the context of an advanced nutrition transition in Nunavut.","journal":"Current Developments in Nutrition","year":2025,"id":575092,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":0.0,"corpus_rank":10180,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7395,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":4.1667,"fair_percentile":4.891470498318557,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":860335,"name":"Mahsa Jessri","orcid":"0000-0001-5197-4962","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":493036,"name":"Lindsay Turner","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1483094,"name":"Timothy O. Fawehinmi","orcid":"0000-0001-8578-8383","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1483095,"name":"Amy Caughey","orcid":"0009-0005-5096-7257","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1483422,"name":"Shondra Stadnyk","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1483423,"name":"Laurie Kaminsky","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":84049,"name":"James D. Ford","orcid":"0000-0002-2066-3456","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":857363,"name":"Rafael Pérez‐Escamilla","orcid":"0000-0001-9416-8039","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":24968,"name":"Nicola L. Hawley","orcid":"0000-0002-2601-3454","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":217961,"name":"Robert Dubrow","orcid":"0000-0002-5071-7742","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1483093,"name":"Sappho Z. Gilbert","orcid":"0000-0002-4615-6196","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":47,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:57:48.486077Z","pmid":"41439104","pmcid":"PMC12719650","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":11.1111,"fair_a":0.0,"fair_i":0.0,"fair_r":25.0,"fair_zscore":-1.1986,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":4.17,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":11.11,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"No PID‑scheme string or data URL occurs in the text.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper gives no identifier for its own dataset.","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The grocery sales data and code described in the manuscript will not be made available because they are under contract via a data use agreement between Yale University and the North West Company.","grounded":true,"rationale":"No repository is named as the holder; the data are held by a commercial entity under a private agreement.","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The grocery sales data and code described in the manuscript will not be made available because they are under contract via a data use agreement between Yale University and the North West Company.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The statement declares the data cannot be shared and offers no route (Colavizza category 0).","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Each of 24,463 unique products sold between 1 February, 2013, and 31 July, 2019 was matched to its closest nutritional equivalent in the Canadian Nutrient File or the United States FoodData Central database for energy, macronutrient, and fiber values to be multiplied by product amount.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The dataset's extent and content are described in running prose only; no itemised inventory (section, table, or list) is present. 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it only says they will not be made available.","grounded":false,"rationale":"No sentence addresses the timing or persistence of the study's data.","anchors":["NIH DMS Plan Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Data Preservation, Access, and Associated Timelines","NSTC Desirable Characteristics (2022), Organizational Infrastructure: 'Retention Policy'","RDA-A2-01M — 'Metadata is guaranteed to remain available after data is no longer available'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","label":"Open file format","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"No file‑format token is named for the released data.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not specify any file format for the grocery sales data.","anchors":["FsF-R1.3-02D — F-UJI: 'Data is available in a file format recommended by the target research co","RDA-R1.3-02D — data is expressed in a machine-understandable community standard","RDA-I1-01D — data uses a knowledge representation expressed in a standardised format"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"No proper‑noun standard from the FAIRsharing or EQUATOR registries is named for the data.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not name a data or metadata community standard applied to the study's own data.","anchors":["RDA-R1.3-01M — 'Metadata complies with a community standard' (priority Essential)","RDA-R1.3-01D — 'Data complies with a community standard'","RDA-I2-01M — '(Meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"i_qualified_references","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"No identifier (DOI, accession, RRID, etc.) for any external resource occurs in the text.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper references external databases (Canadian Nutrient File, USDA FoodData Central) and the 2016 Census only by name, not by identifier. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data'","RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata'","FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":25.0,"criteria":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","label":"Reuse licence","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The paper states it is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license, but that applies to the article, not the data.","grounded":false,"rationale":"No licence or terms document is named for the data themselves.","anchors":["RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu","RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence'","RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","label":"Provenance of the data","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"To perform the matching, we used a search algorithm based on the fuzzy matching command “matchit” in Stata 17.0 SE (StataCorp LLC) to query the CNF for suggested matches.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper names the specific software (Stata 17.0) and algorithm used to produce the data. 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[majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — the 'Version' property","RDA-R1.2-01M — provenance information (which version was used is provenance)","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Provenance', 'Retention Policy'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_code_availability","label":"Analysis code available","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The grocery sales data and code described in the manuscript will not be made available because they are under contract via a data use agreement between Yale University and the North West Company.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The code is explicitly withheld; no locator of any kind is given.","anchors":["NIH DMS Policy Element 2 (NOT-OD-21-014) — 'Related Tools, Software and/or Code'","FAIR4RS Principles v1.0 (Chue Hong et al., 2022; RDA/FORCE11/ReSA) — FAIR Principles for Resear","FORCE11 Software Citation Principles (Smith, Katz & Niemeyer, 2016, PeerJ CS 2:e86)"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","label":"Funder and award number","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"National Research Service Award F31ES033114","grounded":true,"rationale":"A specific grant number (F31ES033114) is attached to a named funder (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences). [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","dimension":"F","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","action":"Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"No PID‑scheme string or data URL occurs in the text.","why":"The paper gives no identifier for its own dataset.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_repository_named","dimension":"F","label":"Named repository","action":"Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The grocery sales data and code described in the manuscript will not be made available because they are under contract via a data use agreement between Yale University and the North West Company.","why":"No repository is named as the holder; the data are held by a commercial entity under a private agreement.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","dimension":"A","label":"Access route free of preconditions","action":"Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The grocery sales data and code described in the manuscript will not be made available because they are under contract via a data use agreement between Yale University and the North West Company.","why":"The text states the data will not be made available, offering no followable route (discretionary request or otherwise).","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"r_reuse_license","dimension":"R","label":"Reuse licence","action":"Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The paper states it is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license, but that applies to the article, not the data.","why":"No licence or terms document is named for the data themselves.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. 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A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"No file‑format token is named for the released data.","why":"The paper does not specify any file format for the grocery sales data.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"x_code_availability","dimension":"R","label":"Analysis code available","action":"Publish the analysis code in a public forge, archive a tagged release with a DOI (Zenodo/Software Heritage), and cite that DOI in the paper. NIH DMS Element 2 asks for the tools and code, not only the data — and 'available on request' is not a locator. 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[majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":4.17,"priority":"useful","scored":true},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","dimension":"F","label":"Data-availability statement","action":"Replace the statement with the repository template: name the repository and give the accession or DOI (Colavizza category 3). 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It is the cheapest single thing that makes a dataset usable by someone who was not in the lab, and a table buried in the article does not travel with the data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"our 16 categories: Baked Goods; Baking Ingredients, Spreads, & Syrups; Beverages; Biscuit, Cookies, & Dry Bread; Breakfast Foods; Candy & Confections; Canned Foods; Condiments, Dressings, & Sauces; Eggs & Dairy; Fresh & Frozen Meat; Frozen Prepared Foods; Juices & Drinks; Pasta, Rice, Dried Vegetables, & Ethnic Foods; Processed Meats; Produce; and Snacks (Supplemental Table 1).","why":"Variable definitions (category names) are listed inside the article (Supplemental Table 1), but no documentation object is shipped with the data. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","dimension":"A","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","action":"Route sensitive data through an institutional gatekeeper — deposit in a controlled- access repository (dbGaP, EGA) with a Data Access Committee and a published DUA — rather than through the corresponding author's inbox. An author-gated dataset dies with the author's email address, and 'on reasonable request' has been shown repeatedly not to yield data. For sensitive/human clinical / human-subjects data, use a controlled-access repository such as dbGaP or EGA.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The grocery sales data and code described in the manuscript will not be made available because they are under contract via a data use agreement between Yale University and the North West Company.","why":"The data are commercial but not sensitive/human-subject; the paper names no gatekeeper because access is refused entirely.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"i_qualified_references","dimension":"I","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","action":"Cite by identifier every resource the data depend on — the source datasets' accessions, the reference build (GRCh38 / GCA_000001405.28), the cohort application number, the code DOI — and register those relations on the dataset record (IsDerivedFrom, IsSupplementTo). A name is not a link: it cannot be resolved, versioned, or followed by a machine.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"No identifier (DOI, accession, RRID, etc.) for any external resource occurs in the text.","why":"The paper references external databases (Canadian Nutrient File, USDA FoodData Central) and the 2016 Census only by name, not by identifier. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","dimension":"A","label":"Availability timing & retention","action":"State when the data become available AND how long they will be retained — cite the repository's preservation policy. NIH DMS Element 4 asks for both; most papers give neither.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The paper does not state when the data become available or how long they persist; it only says they will not be made available.","why":"No sentence addresses the timing or persistence of the study's data.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the clinical / human-subjects repository accession (e.g. from dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA)) in the reference list."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"epmc_xml"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"epmc_xml","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T13:56:31.949792Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}