{"doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.103789","title":"Low Macular Pigment Optical Density Is Associated with Manifest Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Older Women","abstract":"Background Lower density of carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z) in the macula (i.e., macular pigment) has been linked to greater risk for age-related eye disease. Objectives We evaluated whether macular pigment optical density (MPOD) was associated with manifest primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) among older women in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (CAREDS2). Methods MPOD was measured with customized heterochromatic flicker photometry in women who attended CAREDS2 (2016–2019) and CAREDS1 (2001–2004) study visits. Manifest POAG at CAREDS2 was assessed using visual fields, disc photos, optical coherence tomography, and medical records. Age-adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the cross-sectional association between POAG and MPOD at CAREDS2, and MPOD measured 15 years earlier at CAREDS1. Results Among 426 CAREDS2 participants (mean age: 80 y; range: 69–98 y), 26 eyes with manifest POAG from 26 participants were identified. Glaucomatous eyes had 25% lower MPOD compared to nonglaucomatous eyes [mean (SE): 0.40 (0.05) compared with 0.53 (0.01)] optical density units (ODU), respectively ( P = 0.01). Compared with MPOD quartile 1, odds for POAG were lower for women in quartiles 2–4 ( P -trend = 0.01). After excluding eyes with age-related macular degeneration, associations were similar but not statistically significant ( P -trend = 0.16). Results were similar for MPOD measured at CAREDS1. Conclusions Our results add to growing evidence that low MPOD may be a novel glaucoma risk factor and support further studies to assess the utility of dietary interventions for glaucoma prevention.","journal":"Current Developments in Nutrition","year":2024,"id":465594,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9525,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":428391,"name":"Thomas P. Lawler","orcid":"0000-0002-7532-0389","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":428383,"name":"Zhe Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-1846-8472","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1117584,"name":"Catherine Thuruthumaly","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":449998,"name":"Thasarat S. Vajaranant","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":25029,"name":"Robert B. Wallace","orcid":"0000-0001-6040-3803","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":342795,"name":"Lesley F. Tinker","orcid":"0000-0003-2469-1929","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":428394,"name":"Mariné Nalbandyan","orcid":"0000-0003-0604-5333","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":254974,"name":"Julie A. Mares","orcid":"0000-0002-2912-6243","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":296342,"name":"Yao Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-0700-0148","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":50,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:04:50.328230Z","pmid":"38974349","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}