{"doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.010","title":"Simulation of evoked responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation using a multiscale cortical circuit model","abstract":null,"journal":"Brain Stimulation","year":2026,"id":629902,"datarank":0.16479184330021646,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":839227,"name":"Aman S. Aberra","orcid":"0000-0002-4805-541X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240702,"name":"Alexander Opitz","orcid":"0000-0002-4851-1243","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1165926,"name":"Zhihe Zhao","orcid":"0009-0009-6866-8027","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Simulation of evoked responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation using a multiscale cortical circuit model","abstract":"Background Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used non-invasive brain stimulation technique, but the neural circuits activated by TMS remain poorly understood. Previous modeling approaches have been limited to either simplified point-neuron networks or isolated single-cell models that lack synaptic connectivity. Objective To develop and validate a multiscale cortical circuit model that integrates morphologically-realistic neurons with accurate TMS-induced electric field distributions and to investigate mechanisms underlying cortical responses to stimulation. Methods We constructed a network model of a cortical column comprising 10,000 biophysically realistic neurons (excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons) across layers 2/3, 5, and 6 with over 10 million synaptic connections. The model incorporated thalamic and non-specific corticocortical inputs to generate physiological firing rates. TMS-induced electric fields were calculated using finite element modeling and coupled to individual neurons through the extracellular mechanism. We validated model predictions against experimental recordings of TMS-evoked local field potentials (LFPs) and multiunit activity. Results The model reproduced key experimental observations including the dose-dependent N50 LFP component and multiphasic multi-unit responses, consisting of an (excitatory) increase followed by a (inhibitory) decrease in firing rates. The early excitatory response exhibited dual-peak dynamics reflecting distinct contributions from directly and indirectly activated neuronal populations, and the subsequent inhibitory phase reflected activation of feedback GABAergic circuits through both GABA A and GABA B conductances. Spatial analysis across 30 cortical columns distributed across the precentral gyrus revealed orientation-dependent evoked responses. Conclusion This validated multiscale model provides mechanistic insights into TMS-evoked cortical dynamics, demonstrating how direct neuronal activation cascades through synaptic networks to generate characteristic population responses. The framework establishes a computational platform for optimizing stimulation protocols in research and clinical applications.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"41232760","pmcid":"PMC12918517","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4416167092","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","grant_id":"R01EB034143","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":0.41,"citation_percentile":0.66663151,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.brainstimjrnl.com/article/S1935-861X(25)00381-X/pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.brainstimjrnl.com/article/S1935-861X(25)00381-X/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1935861X2500381X?httpAccept=text/xml","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1935861X2500381X?httpAccept=text/plain","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.010","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41232760","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/1b60efedc8c547df9b031df62dfdf1c2","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12918517/","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12918517","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12918517?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects","Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","Humans","Models, Neurological","Cerebral Cortex","Computer Simulation","Neurons","Evoked Potentials","Nerve Net"],"mesh_terms":["Cerebral Cortex","Computer Simulation","Evoked Potentials","Humans","Models, Neurological","Nerve Net","Neurons","Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation"],"keywords":["Transcranial magnetic stimulation","Computational model","Population","Stimulation","Cortical neurons","Simulation","Motor cortex","Neuronal Network Models"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"doi"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-05T19:59:44.382283Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}