{"doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2023.07.024","title":"Sequenced Pilot Trial using Virtual Reality followed by two different Accelerated TMS Protocols for Treating Dysphoria","abstract":"Background: Musicians and athletes undergo intensive motor training through the practice of an instrument or sport and have demonstrated usedependent plasticity.We know less, however, about whether the brains of musicians and athletes respond to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), differently than those without extensive motor training.Methods: We evaluated motor cortex excitability before and after an rTMS protocol (10-Hz to the left motor cortex, 1.5 seconds on/58.5 seconds off at 80% resting motor threshold, 20 minutes) in combination with oral administration of D-cycloserine (DCS) or placebo in 10 healthy participants.In a secondary covariate analysis, we compared results between self-identified musicians and athletes (M&As) and non-musicians and athletes (non-M&As).Bins of 20 single pulses were collected at 3 timepoints after rTMS.Mixed repeated measures and Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare post-rTMS MEP (motor-evoked potentials) amplitudes across time between the four conditions.Results: We found that M&As (n4) did not have higher baseline corticomotor excitability.However, 10-Hz rTMS in combination with DCS strongly facilitated (MEPs) in M&As relative to non-M&As (F(1,4) 7.8, p .027,h 2 .40).Grand averages of all normalized time points across the four conditions showed a marked increase for M&As with DCS (H(3)29.23,p<.001).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that motor practice and learning create a neuronal environment more responsive to plasticity-inducing events, including rTMS.Results may explain one factor contributing to the high inter-individual variability found with MEP data and hold implications for learning paradigms that facilitate long term potentiation-like activation of key networks.","journal":"Brain stimulation","year":2023,"id":386615,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.966,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1155145,"name":"Kevin A. Johnson","orcid":"0000-0003-2048-8237","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":58152,"name":"Ian Taylor","orcid":"0000-0001-6291-4025","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1155146,"name":"M.M. Jensen","orcid":"0009-0009-2068-8504","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":663314,"name":"F. Andrew Kozel","orcid":"0000-0002-6261-2294","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1155144,"name":"Megan Senda","orcid":"0009-0007-5330-2773","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:18:00.717763Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}