{"doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147840","title":"Extracellular vesicles released after cranial radiation: An insight into an early mechanism of brain injury","abstract":"Cranial radiation is important for treating both primary brain tumors and brain metastases. A potential delayed side effect of cranial radiation is neurocognitive function decline. Early detection of CNS injury might prevent further neuronal damage. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a potential diagnostic tool because of their unique membranous characteristics and cargos. We investigated whether EVs can be an early indicator of CNS injury by giving C57BJ/6 mice 10 Gy cranial IR. EVs were isolated from sera to quantify: 1) number of EVs using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA); 2) Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte marker; and 3) protein-bound 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) adducts, an oxidative damage marker. Brain tissues were prepared for immunohistochemistry staining and protein immunoblotting. The results demonstrate: 1) increased GFAP levels (p < 0.05) in EVs, but not brain tissue, in the IR group; and 2) increased HNE-bound protein adduction levels (p < 0.05). The results support using EVs as an early indicator of cancer therapy-induced neuronal injury.","journal":"Brain Research","year":2022,"id":259549,"datarank":0.42498200160843247,"base_score":2.833213344056216,"endowment":2.833213344056216,"self_citation_contribution":0.42498200160843247,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.42498200160843247,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":16,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9551,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":912187,"name":"Jenni Ho","orcid":"0009-0000-8211-7269","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":702437,"name":"Luksana Chaiswing","orcid":"0000-0001-7320-4117","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":755909,"name":"Pradoldej Sompol","orcid":"0000-0002-5160-2509","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":451027,"name":"Harshul Pandit","orcid":"0000-0002-0198-9303","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":912188,"name":"Wendy S. Wei","orcid":"0000-0002-7834-0991","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":183938,"name":"Tadahide Izumi","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":912189,"name":"Quan Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-2094-9868","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":279697,"name":"Heidi L. Weiss","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":912686,"name":"Teresa Noel","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":638488,"name":"Subbarao Bondada","orcid":"0000-0002-1467-9769","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":248024,"name":"D. Allan Butterfield","orcid":"0000-0003-3254-5286","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":119702,"name":"Daret K. St. Clair","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":912186,"name":"Suriyan Sukati","orcid":"0000-0003-3789-926X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":34,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:25:58.993402Z","pmid":"35183524","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}