{"doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.10.024","title":"The Impact of Intravenous Ketamine on Attentional Bias: Probing Mechanisms of Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Effects in Two Clinical Studies","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Ketamine is known for its rapid antidepressant effect, but its impact on affective information processing (including attentional bias [AB], a putative cognitive mechanism of depression) remains largely unexplored. We leveraged a novel measurement of AB and sought to 1) establish adequate test-retest reliability and validity among participants with depression prior to ketamine treatment and 2) harness a single dose of ketamine to assess mechanistic shifts in AB and their relationship to antidepressant efficacy. METHODS: A novel dual probe video task was used to index AB toward sad film clips. In study 1, treatment-seeking adults with moderate-to-severe depression (N = 40) completed the task at baseline, 1-week retest, and 1-month retest; a subset of participants (n = 15) also performed the task at 24 hours postketamine infusion (0.5 mg/kg over 40 minutes). In study 2, participants (N = 43) completed the task pre- and 24 hours postketamine. RESULTS: Indices from the novel AB task were stable prior to ketamine, demonstrating good 1-week and 1-month test-retest reliability. Participants in both studies exhibited a robust reduction in AB from pre- to 24 hours postketamine infusion. In study 1, cross-sectional correlations were observed between AB and clinician-rated depressive symptoms at each pretreatment assessment. In study 2, changes in AB were correlated with improved symptoms from pre- to postinfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide evidence for the validity of a novel, psychometrically robust measure of AB among individuals with depression. Findings indicate that ketamine reliably and rapidly reduces AB, offering insight into a replicable, potential cognitive mechanism involved in its antidepressant action.","journal":"Biological Psychiatry","year":2024,"id":482339,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9619,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1322909,"name":"Rebecca Rohac","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1322910,"name":"Iya Cooper","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":512000,"name":"Angela Griffo","orcid":"0000-0001-9904-0026","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1322911,"name":"Nastasia Mcdonald","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1322912,"name":"Crystal Spotts","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":609072,"name":"Jay C. Fournier","orcid":"0000-0001-8967-1668","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":441477,"name":"Neil Jones","orcid":"0000-0002-3893-6168","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":779787,"name":"Marta Peciña","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":528667,"name":"Kymberly D. Young","orcid":"0000-0001-5133-2142","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1322563,"name":"Sharvari Shivanekar","orcid":"0000-0002-5924-489X","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":363260,"name":"Manivel Rengasamy","orcid":"0000-0002-1379-743X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1322564,"name":"Ben Grafton","orcid":"0000-0002-9920-4278","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":295794,"name":"Rebecca B. Price","orcid":"0000-0002-7590-4325","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":539253,"name":"Mary L. Woody","orcid":"0000-0002-3021-3299","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":37,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:07:14.349221Z","pmid":"39581291","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}