{"doi":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.10.019","title":"Automated fabrication of a scalable heart-on-a-chip device by 3D printing of thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposite and hot embossing","abstract":"The successful translation of organ-on-a-chip devices requires the development of an automated workflow for device fabrication, which is challenged by the need for precise deposition of multiple classes of materials in micro-meter scaled configurations. Many current heart-on-a-chip devices are produced manually, requiring the expertise and dexterity of skilled operators. Here, we devised an automated and scalable fabrication method to engineer a Biowire II multiwell platform to generate human iPSC-derived cardiac tissues. This high-throughput heart-on-a-chip platform incorporated fluorescent nanocomposite microwires as force sensors, produced from quantum dots and thermoplastic elastomer, and 3D printed on top of a polystyrene tissue culture base patterned by hot embossing. An array of built-in carbon electrodes was embedded in a single step into the base, flanking the microwells on both sides. The facile and rapid 3D printing approach efficiently and seamlessly scaled up the Biowire II system from an 8-well chip to a 24-well and a 96-well format, resulting in an increase of platform fabrication efficiency by 17,5000–69,000% per well. The device's compatibility with long-term electrical stimulation in each well facilitated the targeted generation of mature human iPSC-derived cardiac tissues, evident through a positive force-frequency relationship, post-rest potentiation, and well-aligned sarcomeric apparatus. This system's ease of use and its capacity to gauge drug responses in matured cardiac tissue make it a powerful and reliable platform for rapid preclinical drug screening and development.","journal":"Bioactive Materials","year":2023,"id":327461,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":26,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9514,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1048133,"name":"Ruikang Xue","orcid":"0000-0001-5095-9920","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":285128,"name":"Yimu Zhao","orcid":"0000-0001-8265-8647","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1047650,"name":"Kaitlyn Ramsay","orcid":"0000-0001-7956-6813","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":285130,"name":"Erika Yan Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-1634-7493","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":285133,"name":"Houman Savoji","orcid":"0000-0002-5596-673X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1048134,"name":"Teodor Veres","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1047651,"name":"Sarah H. Cartmell","orcid":"0000-0001-6864-0846","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325611,"name":"Milica Radisic","orcid":"0000-0003-1249-4135","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":285131,"name":"Qinghua Wu","orcid":"0000-0002-4927-4171","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":73,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:08:42.846627Z","pmid":"38024233","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}