{"doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100528","title":"Early-life inflammatory markers and subsequent psychotic and depressive episodes between 10 to 28 years of age","abstract":"Inflammation is implicated in depression and psychosis, including association of childhood inflammatory markers on the subsequent risk of developing symptoms. However, it is unknown whether early-life inflammatory markers are associated with the number of depressive and psychotic symptoms from childhood to adulthood. Using the prospective Avon Longitudinal Study of Children and Parents birth cohort (N = up-to 6401), we have examined longitudinal associations of early-life inflammation [exposures: interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at age 9y; IL-6 and CRP DNA-methylation (DNAm) scores at birth and age 7y; and IL-6 and CRP polygenic risk scores (PRSs)] with the number of depressive episodes and psychotic experiences (PEs) between ages 10-28 years. Psychiatric outcomes were assessed using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire and Psychotic Like Symptoms Questionnaires, respectively. Exposure-outcome associations were tested using negative binomial models, which were adjusted for metabolic and sociodemographic factors. Serum IL-6 levels at age 9y were associated with the total number of depressive episodes between 10 and 28y in the base model (n = 4835; β = 0.066; 95%CI:0.020-0.113; pFDR = 0.041) which was weaker when adjusting for metabolic and sociodemographic factors. Weak associations were observed between inflammatory markers (serum IL-6 and CRP DNAm scores) and total number of PEs. Other inflammatory markers were not associated with depression or PEs. Early-life inflammatory markers are associated with the burden of depressive episodes and of PEs subsequently from childhood to adulthood. These findings support a potential role of early-life inflammation in the aetiology of depression and psychosis and highlight inflammation as a potential target for treatment and prevention.","journal":"Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health","year":2022,"id":254786,"datarank":0.4636563680037475,"base_score":3.091042453358316,"endowment":3.091042453358316,"self_citation_contribution":0.4636563680037475,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.4636563680037475,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":21,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9488,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":178,"name":"Xueyi Shen","orcid":"0000-0002-0538-4774","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230720,"name":"Mark J. Adams","orcid":"0000-0002-3599-6018","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":179,"name":"Miruna C. Barbu","orcid":"0000-0001-8967-683X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":467496,"name":"Hannah Jones","orcid":"0000-0002-5883-9605","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":636549,"name":"Véronique E. Miron","orcid":"0000-0003-1738-0647","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":901980,"name":"Judith Allardyce","orcid":"0000-0003-4094-552X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":562146,"name":"James P. Boardman","orcid":"0000-0003-3904-8960","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":301188,"name":"Stephen M. Lawrie","orcid":"0000-0002-2444-5675","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":217,"name":"Andrew M. McIntosh","orcid":"0000-0002-0198-4588","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":416666,"name":"Golam M. Khandaker","orcid":"0000-0002-4935-9220","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":570734,"name":"Alex S. F. Kwong","orcid":"0000-0003-1953-2771","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235065,"name":"Heather C. Whalley","orcid":"0000-0002-4505-8869","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":901979,"name":"Amelia Edmondson-Stait","orcid":"0000-0003-1456-5128","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":62,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:25:08.518416Z","pmid":"36277463","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}