{"doi":"10.1016/j.apmr.2011.06.027","title":"Occurrence and Temporal Evolution of Upper Limb Spasticity in Stroke Patients Admitted to a Rehabilitation Unit","abstract":null,"journal":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","year":2012,"id":662604,"datarank":0.6435689161722588,"base_score":4.290459441148391,"endowment":4.290459441148391,"self_citation_contribution":0.6435689161722588,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6435689161722588,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":72,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":895938,"name":"Jeanette Lee","orcid":"0000-0003-4255-1129","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1729829,"name":"Karen S. Chua","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1729828,"name":"Keng H. Kong","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Occurrence and Temporal Evolution of Upper Limb Spasticity in Stroke Patients Admitted to a Rehabilitation Unit","abstract":"<h4>Objectives</h4>To document the temporal development and evolution of upper limb spasticity, and to establish clinical correlates and predictors of upper limb spasticity in a cohort of stroke patients.<h4>Design</h4>Prospective cohort study.<h4>Setting</h4>A rehabilitation unit.<h4>Participants</h4>Patients (N=163) with a first-ever ischemic stroke.<h4>Interventions</h4>Not applicable.<h4>Main outcome measures</h4>Ashworth Scale for measuring upper limb spasticity, Motor Assessment Scale for upper limb activity, Motricity Index for upper limb strength, and Modified Barthel Index for self-care. Upper limb spasticity was defined as an Ashworth Scale score of 1 or greater.<h4>Results</h4>Upper limb spasticity occurred in 54 patients (33%) at 3 months after stroke. Development of spasticity at later stages of the stroke was infrequent, occurring in only 28 patients (17%). In patients with mild spasticity (Ashworth Scale score 1) at 3 months after stroke, worsening of spasticity occurred in only 1 patient. On the other hand, almost half of the patients with moderate spasticity (Ashworth Scale score 2) at 3 months progressed to severe spasticity (Ashworth Scale score 3). Poor upper limb activity was the most important correlate of \"moderate to severe spasticity\" (Ashworth Scale score ≥2) (P<.001), and poor upper limb strength on admission to rehabilitation, the most important predictor of \"moderate to severe spasticity\" (P<.001).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Upper limb spasticity was relatively infrequent in this study, occurring in 33% of patients at 3 months after stroke. Selective monitoring to detect severe spasticity is recommended for patients with an Ashworth Scale score of 2 or greater at 3 months after stroke, and in patients with severe upper limb weakness on admission to rehabilitation.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.290459441148391,"endowment":4.290459441148391,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"22200394","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W1992963123","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":1.6879,"citation_percentile":0.83350593,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":2},{"year":2013,"count":1},{"year":2014,"count":6},{"year":2015,"count":3},{"year":2016,"count":8},{"year":2017,"count":6},{"year":2018,"count":7},{"year":2019,"count":5},{"year":2020,"count":5},{"year":2021,"count":3},{"year":2022,"count":4},{"year":2023,"count":6},{"year":2024,"count":8},{"year":2025,"count":5},{"year":2026,"count":3}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003999311004217?httpAccept=text/xml","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003999311004217?httpAccept=text/plain","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2011.06.027","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22200394","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders"],"mesh_terms":["Stroke Rehabilitation","Aged","Exercise Therapy","Female","Follow-Up Studies","Humans","Longitudinal Studies","Male","Middle Aged","Monitoring, Physiologic","Muscle Spasticity","Prospective Studies","Rehabilitation Centers","Severity of Illness Index","Singapore","Temporal Lobe","Time Factors","Cohort Studies","Incidence","Confidence Intervals","Odds Ratio","Treatment Outcome","Risk Assessment","Stroke","Upper Extremity"],"keywords":["Spasticity","Modified Ashworth scale","Upper limb","Stroke (engine)","Rehabilitation","Medicine","Physical therapy","Physical medicine and rehabilitation","Activities of daily living"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"No poverty"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-12T16:19:11.437652Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}