{"doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.09.010","title":"Methods for estimating public transit travel times to healthcare services as a measure of equitable healthcare access","abstract":"PURPOSE: To introduce an equity-based method for assessing public transit access to health services and apply it to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) clinics in metro-Atlanta. METHODS: Census block groups (CBGs) were analyzed with PrEP clinics identified via PrEP Locator. One-way public transit times were estimated using the Google Maps Distance Matrix API. CBGs were classified as public transit deserts if transit options were unavailable or if travel time was > 30 min. T-tests compared sociodemographic characteristics of CBGs with and without public transit. Linear regression assessed the association of a 5 % increase in priority populations with transit times. RESULTS: Among 2466 CBGs, one-quarter lacked public transit access to PrEP and two-thirds were transit deserts. Median travel time was 32 min. CBGs with transit access had significantly higher proportions of Black, Hispanic/Latinx, young men (aged 25-34), and residents living below the poverty line (P < .001). Increases in the proportion of Hispanic/Latinx residents, young men, and residents living under the poverty line were associated with shorter transit times, with no association for Black residents. CONCLUSIONS: Public transit access to PrEP was low in Atlanta, and overall public transit times were long. Current PrEP locations are aligned with priority populations, but additional work is needed to ensure equity is met for Black and Hispanic/Latinx residents.","journal":"Annals of Epidemiology","year":2025,"id":532928,"datarank":0.20794415416798362,"base_score":1.3862943611198906,"endowment":1.3862943611198906,"self_citation_contribution":0.20794415416798362,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.20794415416798362,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.911,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":254907,"name":"Patrick S. Sullivan","orcid":"0000-0002-7728-0587","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1100525,"name":"Noah Mancuso","orcid":"0000-0002-4442-9293","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":48,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:51:27.893975Z","pmid":"40967351","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}