{"doi":"10.1016/j.ajpc.2025.101029","title":"Association of plant-based diets with subclinical cardiovascular disease in U.S. adults, 1999-2004","abstract":"Background: Dietary patterns currently recommended for cardiovascular health often emphasize the consumption of plant foods. Methods: We included 7,708 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 aged ≥20 years who were not pregnant and did not have a self-reported history of cardiovascular disease. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. All plant-based dietary indices [overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy PDI (uPDI)] were analyzed by quartiles and cardiac biomarkers [cardiac troponin T (cTnT), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)] were categorized as elevated versus non-elevated using clinical cutpoints. We used logistic regression models progressively adjusted for confounders to study the associations between each plant-based diet index and elevated cardiac biomarkers. All analyses used appropriate survey weights to account for the complex study design. Results: Mean age was 45 years old, 46 % were male, and 74 % were non-Hispanic White. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, and measures of health status, there was an inverse association between adherence to hPDI (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1) and elevated cTnI (OR: 0.52, 95 % CI: 0.30, 0.90; p-trend <0.01) and a positive association between uPDI and elevated cTnI (OR for quartile 4 vs. 1: 1.65, 95 % CI: 1.10, 2.46; p-trend=0.04). There were no significant associations between plant-based diet indices and elevated cTnT or NT-proBNP. Conclusion: Higher adherence to a healthy plant-based diet was inversely associated with elevated cTnI and higher adherence to an unhealthy plant-based diet was positively associated with elevated cTnI in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Supporting access to and adoption of healthy plant-based diets may be a useful strategy for promoting population-level cardiovascular health.","journal":"American Journal of Preventive Cardiology","year":2025,"id":567782,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9208,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":426622,"name":"Amelia S. Wallace","orcid":"0000-0002-1466-3791","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":441182,"name":"Mary R. Rooney","orcid":"0000-0002-5607-4848","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":513531,"name":"Hyunju Kim","orcid":"0000-0002-1707-7018","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":695088,"name":"Valerie Sullivan","orcid":"0000-0002-2321-0188","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":405218,"name":"Elizabeth Selvin","orcid":"0000-0002-3539-2070","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":261908,"name":"Casey M. Rebholz","orcid":"0000-0002-5442-8745","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1373887,"name":"Audrey Ting","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":22,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:56:48.183032Z","pmid":"40585339","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}