{"doi":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2024.100076","title":"Characterization of Change in Cognition Before and After COVID-19 Infection in Essential Workers at Midlife","abstract":"Background: Research into COVID-19-related cognitive decline has focused on individuals who are cognitively impaired following hospitalization for COVID-19. Our objective was to determine whether cognitive decline emerged after the onset of COVID-19 and was more pronounced in patients with postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Methods: We analyzed longitudinal cognitive data collected during a cohort study of essential workers at midlife that continued through the COVID-19 pandemic. We used longitudinal discontinuity models, a form of causal modeling, to examine the change in cognitive performance among 276 participants with COVID-19 in comparison to contemporaneously-collected information from 217 participants who did not have COVID-19. Cognitive performance across four domains was measured before and after the pandemic. Eligible study participants were those with validated COVID-19 diagnoses who were observed before having a verified COVID-19 infection who survived their initial infection, and for whom post-COVID-19 information was also available. Results: The mean age of the COVID-19 group was 56.0 ± 6.6 years old, while the control group was 58.1 ± 7.3 years old. Longitudinal models indicated a significant decline in cognitive throughput (β = -0.168, P = .001) following COVID-19, after adjustment for pre-COVID-19 functioning, demographics, and medical factors. Associations were larger in those with more severe COVID-19 and those who reported PASC. Observed changes in throughput were equivalent to 10.6 years of normal aging. Conclusion: Findings from this longitudinal causal modeling study revealed that COVID-19 and PASC appeared to cause clincially relevant cognitive deterioration.","journal":"American Journal of Medicine Open","year":2024,"id":447283,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6443,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":555699,"name":"Olga Morozova","orcid":"0000-0001-7606-8413","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":476524,"name":"Melissa A. Carr","orcid":"0000-0002-0870-6628","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1167901,"name":"Ashley Fontana","orcid":"0000-0001-8154-5042","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1167902,"name":"Nikhil Mehta","orcid":"0000-0002-7501-9975","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1168301,"name":"Alina Ali","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1168302,"name":"Eugene Jiang","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":250838,"name":"Tesleem Kayode Babalola","orcid":"0000-0003-1568-3134","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":366958,"name":"Sean Clouston","orcid":"0000-0002-6124-0329","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264440,"name":"Benjamin J. Luft","orcid":"0000-0001-9008-7004","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1168300,"name":"Zennur Sekendiz","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":49,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:01:59.101070Z","pmid":"39498311","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}