{"doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.016","title":"Insulinemic and inflammatory dietary patterns and colorectal cancer risk: a dietary data harmonization study of one million participants in the Consortium of Metabolomics Studies (COMETS)","abstract":"Background Inflammatory and insulinemic dietary patterns have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but generalizability across diverse populations with heterogeneous food supplies and dietary behaviors has not been established. Objective We harmonized disparate dietary and covariate data on a large scale to compute the reverse Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia-rEDIH, reverse Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern-rEDIP, and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores, and tested their associations with CRC risk. Methods We leveraged data among 501,892 women and 407,390 men from six cohorts across the U.S. (NIH-AARP, MESA, PLCO, SCCS) and Europe (EPIC, ATBC) with varying sociodemographic characteristics, participating in the Consortium of Metabolomics Studies. We harmonized nomenclature and nutritional information for more than 800 unique food items across cohorts. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression, adjusting for demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors, to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the associations between the dietary indices and CRC risk per cohort, then meta-analyzed the estimates. Results During a median follow-up of 14.9 years, 16,525 incident CRC cases were diagnosed. Participants in the highest quintile of rEDIH (low-insulinemic diet) had an 18% reduced risk of CRC (HR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.86) compared to those in the lowest quintile. For the same comparison, similar risk reductions were observed for rEDIP (anti-inflammatory diet) (HR 0.84; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.89) and HEI-2015 (overall dietary quality) (HR 0.80; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.85). Heterogeneity between cohorts in the meta-analyzed estimates was low for rEDIH (I 2 =22.3%) compared to rEDIP (I 2 =62.5%) and HEI-2015 (I 2 =83.9%). Conclusion Using carefully harmonized data from nearly one million individuals in the U.S. and Europe, we observed significant CRC risk reduction with habitual intake of low-insulinemic and anti-inflammatory dietary patterns, comparable to higher overall dietary quality. Study findings underscore the utility of these dietary patterns for global cancer prevention efforts.","journal":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","year":2025,"id":548186,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":22.178386323199504,"corpus_rank":9377,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7359,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":12.5,"fair_percentile":28.767960868236013,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1093046,"name":"Rachel Hoobler","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1441404,"name":"Rhea Harewood","orcid":"0000-0003-4446-2138","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331254,"name":"Amanda E. Toland","orcid":"0000-0002-0271-1792","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":218606,"name":"Demetrius Albanes","orcid":"0000-0001-8330-4293","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":692382,"name":"Emmanouil Bouras","orcid":"0000-0003-1489-5506","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":39449,"name":"Marc J. Gunter","orcid":"0000-0001-5472-6761","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240805,"name":"Linda M. Liao","orcid":"0000-0002-1923-5294","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":348016,"name":"Steven C. Moore","orcid":"0000-0002-8169-1661","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":495343,"name":"Fulvio Ricceri","orcid":"0000-0001-8749-9737","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":11276,"name":"Jerome I. Rotter","orcid":"0000-0001-7191-1723","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":95614,"name":"Rashmi Sinha","orcid":"0000-0002-2466-7462","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":302477,"name":"Rachael Z. Stolzenberg‐Solomon","orcid":"0000-0003-3698-7006","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":39584,"name":"Anne Tjønneland","orcid":"0000-0003-4385-2097","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":291141,"name":"Alexis C. Wood","orcid":"0000-0001-7616-2119","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299434,"name":"Danxia Yu","orcid":"0000-0002-1710-9382","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271648,"name":"Mary C. Playdon","orcid":"0000-0001-6082-0447","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230958,"name":"Fred K. Tabung","orcid":"0000-0001-8193-7150","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":581496,"name":"Ni Shi","orcid":"0000-0003-1513-8910","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":33,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:53:58.530220Z","pmid":"41167399","pmcid":"PMC12851879","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":11.1111,"fair_a":50.0,"fair_i":0.0,"fair_r":16.6667,"fair_zscore":-0.8688,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":12.5,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":11.11,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper provides no persistent identifier (DOI, Handle, ARK, or repository accession) for its own dataset.","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No repository is named as the holder of the study's own data; the data are available from each cohort, not deposited in a curated repository. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"The datasets used to conduct this study are available upon approval of a research protocol from each cohort. Instructions for obtaining these data are available on the cohorts’ websites.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The statement points to a third‑party request route (each cohort) rather than a repository record, consistent with Colavizza category 1. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"We harmonized over 3000 food and beverage items, of which over 800 were unique, measured across 6 FFQs in diverse populations in North America and Europe, creating an infrastructure to facilitate dietary pattern research in diverse, multicontinental populations.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The dataset's content is described in running prose only, without an itemised inventory or structured section. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F2-01M — 'Rich metadata is provided to allow discovery' (priority Essential)","FsF-F2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes descriptive core elements to support data findability'","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","label":"Dataset formally cited","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No identifier for the dataset appears anywhere in the paper, neither in the body text nor in the reference list.","anchors":["FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first-","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes","FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":50.0,"criteria":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","label":"Access route free of preconditions","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"The datasets used to conduct this study are available upon approval of a research protocol from each cohort.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The text specifies a followable precondition (approval of a research protocol) that must be satisfied before access is granted. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-A1.1-01D — 'Data is accessible through a free access protocol'","FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Free and Easy Access'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","label":"Access level labelled","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"The datasets used to conduct this study are available upon approval of a research protocol from each cohort.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper describes an access action (approval of a research protocol) but does not label the access level with a standard term. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","RDA-A1-01M — metadata contains information to enable the user to get access to the data","COAR Controlled Vocabularies — Access Rights v1.0 (open / embargoed / restricted / metadata-onl"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"The datasets used to conduct this study are available upon approval of a research protocol from each cohort.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper names an institutional gatekeeper (each cohort's data access process) for the sensitive human-subject data. [majority verdict 'yes' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy (NOT-OD-14-124) — controlled-access via a Data Access Committee","RDA-A1.2-01D — 'Data is accessible through an access protocol that supports authentication and ","NIH DMS Policy Element 5 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Access, Distribution, or Reuse Considerations (conse"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","label":"Availability timing & retention","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No sentence in the paper states when the data become available or how long they persist.","anchors":["NIH DMS Plan Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Data Preservation, Access, and Associated Timelines","NSTC Desirable Characteristics (2022), Organizational Infrastructure: 'Retention Policy'","RDA-A2-01M — 'Metadata is guaranteed to remain available after data is no longer available'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","label":"Open file format","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No file format is named for the released data, either open or proprietary.","anchors":["FsF-R1.3-02D — F-UJI: 'Data is available in a file format recommended by the target research co","RDA-R1.3-02D — data is expressed in a machine-understandable community standard","RDA-I1-01D — data uses a knowledge representation expressed in a standardised format"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No data or metadata community standard (e.g., MIAME, ISA‑Tab, an ontology) is named; the dietary indices are not standards in the FAIRsharing sense.","anchors":["RDA-R1.3-01M — 'Metadata complies with a community standard' (priority Essential)","RDA-R1.3-01D — 'Data complies with a community standard'","RDA-I2-01M — '(Meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"i_qualified_references","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No identifier (accession, DOI, RRID, build ID) for an external resource that the data depend on is provided in the text.","anchors":["RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data'","RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata'","FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":16.67,"criteria":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","label":"Reuse licence","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No licence or terms document is named for the data; the CC BY‑NC‑ND licence applies to the article only.","anchors":["RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu","RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence'","RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","label":"Provenance of the data","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"We used the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) as a reference to convert grams of dietary intake to the DGA serving sizes.","grounded":false,"rationale":"A named software (NDSR) is identified as part of the data production process. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.2-01M — 'Metadata includes provenance information according to community- specific standa","FsF-R1.2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes provenance information about data creation or generati","W3C PROV-O (W3C Recommendation, 2013) — the entity/activity/agent model of provenance"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","label":"Documentation / codebook","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No documentation object (README, data dictionary, codebook) is named as travelling with the data, and no variable‑definition table exists in the article.","anchors":["RDA-R1-01M — '(Meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attribu","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'","NIH DMS Policy Element 3 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Standards (documentation and metadata to accompany t"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_versioning","label":"Snapshot identified","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No version token or date is given to identify a specific snapshot of the data.","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — the 'Version' property","RDA-R1.2-01M — provenance information (which version was used is provenance)","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Provenance', 'Retention Policy'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_code_availability","label":"Analysis code available","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not provide any locator (URL, DOI, or package identifier) for the study's own code.","anchors":["NIH DMS Policy Element 2 (NOT-OD-21-014) — 'Related Tools, Software and/or Code'","FAIR4RS Principles v1.0 (Chue Hong et al., 2022; RDA/FORCE11/ReSA) — FAIR Principles for Resear","FORCE11 Software Citation Principles (Smith, Katz & Niemeyer, 2016, PeerJ CS 2:e86)"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","label":"Funder and award number","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"Supported by the American Cancer Society Research Scholar Grant # RSG-20-124-01-CCE ; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center support grant # P30CA016058 ; and the Huntsman Cancer Institute Cancer Center Support Grant ( P30CA040214 ). Supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U01CA202979 .","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper includes multiple award/grant numbers attached to named funders. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","dimension":"F","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","action":"Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For metabolomics data, deposit in MetaboLights (MTBLS accession) or Metabolomics Workbench.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper provides no persistent identifier (DOI, Handle, ARK, or repository accession) for its own dataset.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_repository_named","dimension":"F","label":"Named repository","action":"Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For metabolomics data, deposit in MetaboLights (MTBLS accession) or Metabolomics Workbench.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No repository is named as the holder of the study's own data; the data are available from each cohort, not deposited in a curated repository. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"r_reuse_license","dimension":"R","label":"Reuse licence","action":"Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No licence or terms document is named for the data; the CC BY‑NC‑ND licence applies to the article only.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","dimension":"A","label":"Access route free of preconditions","action":"Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For metabolomics data, deposit in MetaboLights (MTBLS accession) or Metabolomics Workbench.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"The datasets used to conduct this study are available upon approval of a research protocol from each cohort.","why":"The text specifies a followable precondition (approval of a research protocol) that must be satisfied before access is granted. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":8.33,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the metabolomics repository accession (e.g. from MetaboLights (MTBLS accession) or Metabolomics Workbench) in the reference list.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No identifier for the dataset appears anywhere in the paper, neither in the body text nor in the reference list.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","dimension":"I","label":"Open file format","action":"Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable. Prefer open metabolomics formats such as mzML or nmrML.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No file format is named for the released data, either open or proprietary.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"x_code_availability","dimension":"R","label":"Analysis code available","action":"Publish the analysis code in a public forge, archive a tagged release with a DOI (Zenodo/Software Heritage), and cite that DOI in the paper. NIH DMS Element 2 asks for the tools and code, not only the data — and 'available on request' is not a locator. Archive the analysis code in a versioned repository (GitHub + a Zenodo release DOI).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not provide any locator (URL, DOI, or package identifier) for the study's own code.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"r_versioning","dimension":"R","label":"Snapshot identified","action":"Version the deposit and cite the exact version analysed (a version-specific DOI, or an accession with its version suffix). A reader reproducing your work against 'the current release' is reproducing it against a different dataset.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No version token or date is given to identify a specific snapshot of the data.","gain":4.17,"priority":"useful","scored":true},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","dimension":"F","label":"Data-availability statement","action":"Replace the statement with the repository template: name the repository and give the accession or DOI (Colavizza category 3). This is the only DAS class associated with a measured citation advantage; 'available on reasonable request' and 'within the article' are not.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"The datasets used to conduct this study are available upon approval of a research protocol from each cohort. Instructions for obtaining these data are available on the cohorts’ websites.","why":"The statement points to a third‑party request route (each cohort) rather than a repository record, consistent with Colavizza category 1. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","dimension":"F","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","action":"Add a 'Data Records' section: itemise every file in the deposit and every variable or sample it holds, with counts and units. Describe the dataset as an object in its own right, not as a by-product of the findings — this is what makes it discoverable to someone who is not looking for your paper.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"We harmonized over 3000 food and beverage items, of which over 800 were unique, measured across 6 FFQs in diverse populations in North America and Europe, creating an infrastructure to facilitate dietary pattern research in diverse, multicontinental populations.","why":"The dataset's content is described in running prose only, without an itemised inventory or structured section. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","dimension":"A","label":"Access level labelled","action":"State the access level in words, using the standard vocabulary: 'These data are open access' / 'These data are controlled access'. A reader — and a harvester — should not have to infer the access level from the presence of a download link.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"The datasets used to conduct this study are available upon approval of a research protocol from each cohort.","why":"The paper describes an access action (approval of a research protocol) but does not label the access level with a standard term. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","dimension":"I","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","action":"Adopt and NAME your domain's data standard — the minimum-information checklist, metadata schema, or ontology your community uses (MIAME/MINSEQE, ISA-Tab, BIDS, an OBO ontology, HL7 FHIR/OMOP) — and say which one you followed. A reporting checklist standardises your paper; it does nothing for your data. In metabolomics, describe the data with ISA-Tab or Metabolomics Standards Initiative (MSI).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No data or metadata community standard (e.g., MIAME, ISA‑Tab, an ontology) is named; the dietary indices are not standards in the FAIRsharing sense.","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","dimension":"R","label":"Provenance of the data","action":"Name the instruments, kits, and software — with versions — that produced the data, not just the verbs. 'Reads were aligned' is not provenance; 'aligned with STAR v2.7.9a to GRCh38' is, because someone else can rerun it.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"We used the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) as a reference to convert grams of dietary intake to the DGA serving sizes.","why":"A named software (NDSR) is identified as part of the data production process. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","dimension":"R","label":"Documentation / codebook","action":"Ship a README and a data dictionary IN the deposit — every file, every variable, its units, its allowed values, its missing-value codes. It is the cheapest single thing that makes a dataset usable by someone who was not in the lab, and a table buried in the article does not travel with the data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No documentation object (README, data dictionary, codebook) is named as travelling with the data, and no variable‑definition table exists in the article.","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"i_qualified_references","dimension":"I","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","action":"Cite by identifier every resource the data depend on — the source datasets' accessions, the reference build (GRCh38 / GCA_000001405.28), the cohort application number, the code DOI — and register those relations on the dataset record (IsDerivedFrom, IsSupplementTo). A name is not a link: it cannot be resolved, versioned, or followed by a machine.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No identifier (accession, DOI, RRID, build ID) for an external resource that the data depend on is provided in the text.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","dimension":"A","label":"Availability timing & retention","action":"State when the data become available AND how long they will be retained — cite the repository's preservation policy. NIH DMS Element 4 asks for both; most papers give neither.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No sentence in the paper states when the data become available or how long they persist.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For metabolomics data, deposit in MetaboLights (MTBLS accession) or Metabolomics Workbench.","Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For metabolomics data, deposit in MetaboLights (MTBLS accession) or Metabolomics Workbench.","Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For metabolomics data, deposit in MetaboLights (MTBLS accession) or Metabolomics Workbench.","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the metabolomics repository accession (e.g. from MetaboLights (MTBLS accession) or Metabolomics Workbench) in the reference list."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"epmc_xml"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"epmc_xml","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T13:45:21.670151Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}