{"doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100303","title":"Latent class trajectories: U.S. adolescents’ nicotine use and its association with nicotine dependence","abstract":"Twenty-seven percent of adolescents used a nicotine/tobacco product in 2018. Our study analyzed three waves from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study and examined adolescent nicotine/tobacco use trajectories over time to determine which latent classes were associated with symptoms of nicotine dependence. The PATH Study used a four-stage, stratified area probability sample and annual household interviews with adolescents (12–17 years). Adolescents who indicated past 30-day nicotine/tobacco use at least once were included (n = 1101). We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify nicotine/tobacco trajectories across three waves of PATH data and their association with six symptoms consistent with nicotine dependence from the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68). All types of past 30-day nicotine/tobacco use increased across the three waves. An LCA model fit was assessed using both the CIV and entropy measures in conjunction with the Vuong-Lo-Mendell-Rubin LRT. A five latent class solution had the lowest BIC value (BIC = 9784.272), and resulted in: (1) “Stable/consistent multiproduct use trajectory”, (2) “Increasing cigarette use trajectory”, (3) “Increasing e-cigarette use trajectory”, (4) “Experimental (poly-nicotine/tobacco) use trajectory”, and (5) “Increasing other nicotine/tobacco use trajectory”. The most prevalent was the “Experimental (poly-nicotine/tobacco) use trajectory” (33.8%) although sex, race, and social class were associated with different trajectories. Those represented by the “Increasing cigarette use trajectory” (19.4%) reported significantly more past-year nicotine dependence symptoms (b = 1.73, p < 0.001) compared to the “Increasing e-cigarette use trajectory”. Findings varied by sex and race. Results indicate that the relationship between e-cigarette use and other forms of nicotine/tobacco and substance use is complex and that adolescent nicotine/tobacco users are a heterogenous group with different risks for nicotine dependence. Findings can inform tailored prevention education and messaging for different groups of youth.","journal":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","year":2020,"id":88451,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8988,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":336819,"name":"Philip Veliz","orcid":"0000-0003-2544-3468","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":324104,"name":"Carol J. Boyd","orcid":"0000-0003-1848-4018","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448695,"name":"Andria B. Eisman","orcid":"0000-0002-4100-6543","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":324103,"name":"Rebecca J. Evans-Polce","orcid":"0000-0002-9622-4652","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":416060,"name":"Carol J. Boyd","orcid":"0000-0003-2651-6614","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":26,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:01:22.387926Z","pmid":"33364312","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}