{"doi":"10.1007/s40801-021-00268-1","title":"Delirium Associations with Antibiotics: A Pharmacovigilance Study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Ertapenem, cefepime, imipenem, ofloxacin, ceftazidime, clarithromycin, cefaclor, levofloxacin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, azithromycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and cefuroxime are known to be associated with delirium. Other antibiotics may also lead to delirium, but no study has systemically compared delirium associations for many available antibiotics. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between delirium and antibiotics using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). METHODS: FAERS reports from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2018 were included in the study. Reporting odds ratios (RORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between antibiotics and delirium were calculated. An association was considered to be statistically significant when the lower limit of the 95% CI was greater than 1.0. RESULTS: A total of 10,015,622 reports (including 16,982 delirium reports) were considered, after inclusion criteria were applied. Statistically significant delirium RORs (95% CI) for antibiotics were: ertapenem 21.07 (16.38-27.10), cefepime 9.8 (6.37-15.09), imipenem 9.68 (6.75-13.89), ofloxacin 7.73 (4.00-14.92), ceftazidime 6.09 (2.73-13.62), clarithromycin 5.34 (4.37-6.53), cefaclor 5.32 (1.71-16.58), ampicillin-sulbactam 4.49 (2.13-9.45), levofloxacin 4.47 (3.88-5.16), linezolid 4.33 (3.28-5.72), moxifloxacin 3.51 (2.81-4.38), azithromycin 2.76 (2.09-3.64), piperacillin-tazobactam 2.41 (1.47-3.93), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 2.36 (1.61-3.47), metronidazole 1.85 (1.31-2.60), ciprofloxacin 1.83 (1.44-2.33), and cefuroxime 1.81 (1.03-3.20). CONCLUSION: This study found statistically significant increased risk of reporting delirium with ertapenem, cefepime, imipenem, ofloxacin, ceftazidime, clarithromycin, cefaclor, ampicillin-sulbactam, levofloxacin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, azithromycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and cefuroxime.","journal":"Drugs - Real World Outcomes","year":2021,"id":160181,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":37,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.957,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":599989,"name":"Christopher R. Frei","orcid":"0000-0002-0692-4787","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":672509,"name":"Chengwen Teng","orcid":"0000-0001-9239-2125","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:44:43.908634Z","pmid":"34275113","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}