{"doi":"10.1007/s40273-024-01453-0","title":"Cost Effectiveness of Tremelimumab Plus Durvalumab for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the USA","abstract":null,"journal":"PharmacoEconomics","year":2025,"id":641791,"datarank":0.31191623125197543,"base_score":2.0794415416798357,"endowment":2.0794415416798357,"self_citation_contribution":0.31191623125197543,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.31191623125197543,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1668906,"name":"Jeff Jianfei Guo","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":735876,"name":"Xiaomo Xiong","orcid":"0000-0001-5657-5733","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Cost Effectiveness of Tremelimumab Plus Durvalumab for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the USA","abstract":"<h4>Background</h4>Treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) is challenging. Clinical trials have shown that Single Tremelimumab Regular Interval Durvalumab (STRIDE) offers clinical benefits as a first-line treatment for uHCC, but its cost effectiveness remains unknown in the USA.<h4>Objective</h4>We aimed to assess the cost effectiveness of STRIDE (tremelimumab plus durvalumab) versus sorafenib and durvalumab monotherapy as the first-line treatment for uHCC in the USA.<h4>Methods</h4>A partitioned survival model was constructed to assess the cost effectiveness of STRIDE compared to sorafenib and durvalumab monotherapy as the first-line treatment for uHCC from the US societal perspective. The time horizon was 48 months with 1-month cycles. Seven parametric survival functions replicated survival curves from clinical trials, with the best-fitting model used to calculate survival probabilities. Costs, health utilities, and adverse events were included, with quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) as the primary effectiveness measure. Both costs and effectiveness were discounted at 3%. In the base-case analysis, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was compared to a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000 per QALY gained. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the uncertainty of the model.<h4>Results</h4>In the base-case analysis, STRIDE was cost effective compared to sorafenib, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $97,995.51 per QALY gained, based on a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000 per QALY gained. However, STRIDE was not cost effective compared to durvalumab monotherapy at the same threshold, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $754,408.92 per QALY gained. Deterministic sensitivity analyses were consistent with the base-case analysis. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that STRIDE was more likely to be cost effective than sorafenib and durvalumab monotherapy when the willingness-to-pay exceeded $101,000 and $713,000, respectively.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The STRIDE regimen appears to be cost effective compared to sorafenib but not compared to durvalumab for first-line uHCC treatment in the USA. However, durvalumab has not yet been approved for uHCC in the USA. Future research should focus on long-term data and economic evaluations of other recommended biologics.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.0794415416798357,"endowment":2.0794415416798357,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"39546248","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4404396070","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":1.7018,"citation_percentile":0.85152643,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2025,"count":4},{"year":2026,"count":3}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40273-024-01453-0.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40273-024-01453-0/fulltext.html","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-024-01453-0","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39546248","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40273-024-01453-0","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer","Humans","Cost-Benefit Analysis","Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","Liver Neoplasms","United States","Quality-Adjusted Life Years","Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized","Sorafenib","Antibodies, Monoclonal","Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols","Models, Economic","Cost-Effectiveness Analysis"],"mesh_terms":["Sorafenib","Cost-Effectiveness Analysis","Antibodies, Monoclonal","Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols","Cost-Benefit Analysis","Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","Humans","Liver Neoplasms","United States","Survival Analysis","Models, Economic","Quality-Adjusted Life Years","Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized"],"keywords":["Tremelimumab","Durvalumab","Quality of Life Research","Hepatocellular carcinoma","Public health","Medicine","Health economics","Cost effectiveness","Oncology","Internal medicine","Nivolumab","Cancer","Immunotherapy","Nursing","Risk analysis (engineering)"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Zero hunger"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-07T20:20:37.800780Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}