{"doi":"10.1007/s10608-025-10587-0","title":"Development and Validation of an Abbreviated Form of the Cognitive Style Questionnaire","abstract":"Background: According to the Hopelessness Theory of Depression, a negative cognitive style increases an individual's vulnerability to depression during stressful life events. The Cognitive Style Questionnaire (CSQ) is a widely used self-report measure to assess negative cognitive style or cognitive vulnerability. A limitation of the CSQ is its length, limiting its use in larger-scale research and applied settings. This research aims to validate a brief version of the CSQ. Method: We conducted two studies to develop and validate the CSQ-brief form (CSQ-BF) by (1) empirically determining which scenarios from the CSQ should be included and (2) validating the CSQ-BF. In study one, 207 university students completed the full-scale CSQ, and the six best-fitting items were selected for the CSQ-BF. In study two, 321 university students completed several self-report measures of depressive symptoms, stressor exposure, affect, and the CSQ-BF. Results: A factor analysis supported that the full-scale CSQ is comprised of a single factor structure. Six items were selected for the CSQ-BF based on factor loadings and item categories (to maximize content validity). Results from study two confirmed that the CSQ-BF had strong psychometric properties and could be completed in less time. Conclusion: The CSQ-BF offers a more convenient tool for measuring cognitive vulnerability to depression.","journal":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","year":2025,"id":543275,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9408,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1433353,"name":"Olivia Wier","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1433354,"name":"Abigail H. Vance","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1432975,"name":"Gerald J. Haeffel","orcid":"0000-0002-4029-1493","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":322936,"name":"Iván Vargas","orcid":"0000-0002-0787-5630","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":23,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:53:04.088079Z","pmid":"40979565","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}