{"doi":"10.1007/s10461-021-03310-z","title":"Under-Reporting of Known HIV-Positive Status Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","abstract":"Abstract Monitoring progress towards the UNAIDS ‘first 90’ target requires accurate estimates of levels of diagnosis among people living with HIV (PLHIV), which is often estimated using self-report. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis quantifying under-reporting of known HIV-positive status using objective knowledge proxies. Databases were searched for studies providing self-reported and biological/clinical markers of prior knowledge of HIV-positive status among PLHIV. Random-effects models were used to derive pooled estimates of levels of under-reporting. Thirty-two estimates from 26 studies were included (41,465 PLHIV). The pooled proportion under-reporting known HIV-positive status was 20% (95% confidence interval 13–26%, I 2 = 99%). In sub-group analysis, under-reporting was higher among men who have sex with men (32%, number of estimates [N e ] = 10) compared to the general population (9%, N e = 10) and among Black (18%, N e = 5) than non-Black (3%, N e = 3) individuals. Supplementing self-reported data with biological/clinical proxies may improve the validity of the ‘first 90’ estimates.","journal":"AIDS and Behavior","year":2021,"id":186349,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":22,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9431,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":434209,"name":"Katia Giguère","orcid":"0000-0001-5043-426X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":374734,"name":"Marie‐Claude Boily","orcid":"0000-0003-3919-006X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":432556,"name":"Jessica M. Fogel","orcid":"0000-0003-3143-9000","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":447706,"name":"Mathieu Maheu‐Giroux","orcid":"0000-0002-8363-4388","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":374735,"name":"Dobromir Dimitrov","orcid":"0000-0002-2842-5436","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":36851,"name":"Susan H. Eshleman","orcid":"0000-0002-4587-791X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":374742,"name":"Kate M. Mitchell","orcid":"0000-0002-7050-4787","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":744361,"name":"Nirali Soni","orcid":"0000-0002-1999-1671","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":46,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:48:46.850806Z","pmid":"34046763","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}