{"doi":"10.1007/s10147-026-02987-3","title":"From tumor microenvironment orchestrators to actionable targets: a systematic review of TAM-targeted therapies in triple-negative breast cancer","abstract":null,"journal":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","year":2026,"id":627111,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":666731,"name":"Jiao Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-2881-7755","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":613035,"name":"Chao Li","orcid":"0000-0001-7580-0924","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":728760,"name":"Yuanqiang Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-3024-2866","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":277808,"name":"Qinghua Yu","orcid":"0000-0002-0590-1356","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1366604,"name":"Wanyi Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-0876-4203","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1622621,"name":"Yuxin Pei","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"From tumor microenvironment orchestrators to actionable targets: a systematic review of TAM-targeted therapies in triple-negative breast cancer","abstract":"<h4>Background</h4>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype lacking estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression, with limited treatment options. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as key immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, exacerbate the malignancy of TNBC by promoting angiogenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug resistance.<h4>Method</h4>We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases to collect clinical trials targeting TAMs for the treatment of TNBC. Data from completed and ongoing studies were extracted and analyzed, focusing on strategies that inhibit macrophage recruitment, clearance, and reprogramming, as well as their combination with standard therapies.<h4>Results</h4>TAMs in TNBC predominantly exhibit an M2-like pro-tumor phenotype, originating from circulating monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages, and drive progression through multiple pathways. Clinical trials indicate preliminary efficacy for strategies including CSF-1/CSF-1R inhibitors, bisphosphonates, and reprogramming agents-particularly when combined with chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors-though response rates vary, and optimal regimens remain under investigation.<h4>Conclusion</h4>TAMs represent a promising therapeutic target in TNBC. Emerging clinical evidence supports the potential of targeted therapies against them, though further optimization of patient selection and combination strategies is required. This review provides a systematic foundation for advancing treatments targeting TAMs. We confirm that the scientific content remains unchanged.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"42138756","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W7161239340","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Chongqing Science and Technology Development Foundation","grant_id":"CSTB2024NSCQ-KJFZMSX0050","title":null},{"funder_name":"Chongqing Science and Technology Development Foundation","grant_id":"CSTB2024NSCQ-KJFZMSX0046","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":6.9655,"citation_percentile":0.96774194,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10147-026-02987-3.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10147-026-02987-3","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-026-02987-3","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42138756","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Immune cells in cancer","Cancer Cells and Metastasis","Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics","Humans","Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms","Female","Tumor Microenvironment","Tumor-Associated Macrophages","Molecular Targeted Therapy"],"mesh_terms":["Tumor-Associated Macrophages","Female","Humans","Molecular Targeted Therapy","Tumor Microenvironment","Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms"],"keywords":["Tumor microenvironment","Breast cancer","Surgical oncology","Immune system","Clinical trial","Immunotherapy","Estrogen receptor","Malignancy","target therapy","Triple-negative Breast Cancer","Tumor-associated Macrophages"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-04T16:16:32.348229Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}