{"doi":"10.1007/s00592-013-0517-3","title":"Monocyte–macrophage polarization balance in pre-diabetic individuals","abstract":null,"journal":"Acta Diabetologica","year":2013,"id":621181,"datarank":0.6238324625039509,"base_score":4.1588830833596715,"endowment":4.1588830833596715,"self_citation_contribution":0.6238324625039509,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6238324625039509,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":63,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1603858,"name":"Roberta Cappellari","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1603860,"name":"Marta Mazzucato","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1603861,"name":"Carlo Agostini","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1603862,"name":"Saula Vigili de Kreutzenberg","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1603863,"name":"Angelo Avogaro","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":861600,"name":"Gian Paolo Fadini","orcid":"0000-0002-6510-2097","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Monocyte–macrophage polarization balance in pre-diabetic individuals","abstract":"Pre-diabetes is characterized by increased cardiovascular risk and chronic inflammation. The activation of monocyte-macrophages plays major roles in vascular biology. Herein, we aimed to analyze monocyte-macrophage polarization status in subjects with IFG and/or IGT compared with normal glucose tolerant (NGT) individuals. We enrolled 87 middle-aged individuals with low prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Based on OGTT, they were divided into 49 NGT and 38 pre-diabetic (IFG and/or IGT). Using flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood cells, we quantified traditional monocyte subsets based on CD14 and CD16 expression as well as novel monocyte-macrophage pro-inflammatory CD68(+)CCR2(+) M1 and anti-inflammatory CX3CR1(+)CD163(+)/CD206(+) M2 phenotypes. The M1/M2 ratio was taken to represent the polarization balance. There were no differences in traditional classical (CD14(++)CD16(-)), intermediate (CD14(++)CD16(+)) and nonclassical (CD14(+)CD16(+)) monocytes between groups. Rather, compared to NGT, pre-diabetic subjects showed a significant increase in pro-inflammatory M1 cells and percent expression of the oxLDL scavenger receptor CD68, without changes in anti-inflammatory M2 cells. M1 levels and CD68 expression were directly correlated with HbA1c. We show for the first time that otherwise healthy pre-diabetic subjects have excess M1 inflammatory cells in peripheral blood, which may contribute to cardiovascular risk.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.1588830833596715,"endowment":4.1588830833596715,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"24085683","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2085736135","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":2.9663,"citation_percentile":0.91604358,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2013,"count":1},{"year":2014,"count":7},{"year":2015,"count":8},{"year":2016,"count":6},{"year":2017,"count":2},{"year":2018,"count":3},{"year":2019,"count":7},{"year":2020,"count":6},{"year":2021,"count":4},{"year":2022,"count":5},{"year":2023,"count":4},{"year":2024,"count":6},{"year":2025,"count":3},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"http://www.springer.com/tdm","oa_locations":[{"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00592-013-0517-3.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00592-013-0517-3/fulltext.html","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00592-013-0517-3","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-013-0517-3","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24085683","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11577/2682450","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Immune cells in cancer","Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis","Antigens, CD","Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic","Blood Cell Count","Cardiovascular Diseases","Cell Polarity","Female","Flow Cytometry","Humans","Inflammation","Lipopolysaccharide Receptors","Macrophage Activation","Macrophages","Male","Middle Aged","Monocytes","Prediabetic State","Receptors, IgG","Risk Factors","CD68 Molecule"],"mesh_terms":["CD68 Molecule","Blood Cell Count","Cardiovascular Diseases","Female","Flow Cytometry","Humans","Inflammation","Macrophage Activation","Macrophages","Male","Middle Aged","Monocytes","Prediabetic State","Risk Factors","Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic","Antigens, CD","Cell Polarity","Receptors, IgG","Lipopolysaccharide Receptors"],"keywords":["CD14","CD163","Monocyte","CD16","Macrophage polarization","CD68","Medicine","Diabetes mellitus","CX3CR1","CCR2","Internal medicine","Scavenger receptor","Macrophage","Inflammation","Immunology","Endocrinology","Flow cytometry","Biology","Chemokine","Antigen","Chemokine receptor","Immunohistochemistry","Cholesterol","Lipoprotein"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-03T13:33:07.153712Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}